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. 2020 Dec 11;12(12):3720. doi: 10.3390/cancers12123720

Table 2.

Summary of studies investigating the Perivascular Satellitosis process within brain tumour in in vivo and in vitro models along with the molecular mechanism proposed. Bold: is a summary title which encompass different process.

Experimental Models Molecular Mechanism Proposed References
Human,
Animals in vivo		 First histological description

  • Cuffs of glial neoplastic cells surrounding pre-existing capillaries

 [8,12]
Animals
(in vitro cells, in vivo)		 GB cells interact with BBB:

  • Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor-like glioma cells invade microvasculature by single-cell via Wnt7a/7b

 [80]
Animals
(in vitro cells, in vivo)		 Mechanism of Individual co-option and Collective co-option:

  • Astrocyte-like GB cells interact with microvasculature via Olig2-Wnt7a signalling axis

 [80,81]
Animals
(In vivo cell lines)		 Vascular recruitment
  • -

    Pro Angiogenic VEGF and anti-Angiogenetic ANGPT1 balance

 [88,89]
Human /Animal
(In vivo; in vitro Patient-derived-GB, Tissue sample)		 Chemotactic attraction and invasion
  • -

    Upregulation SDF-1α and CXCR4-receptor as well as CXCR7 in GSCs with increase of OPT and CTSK;

  • -

    Bradykinin-bradykinin 2 receptors (B2R) interaction;

  • -

    endothelial IL-8 increased GSCs invasiveness and growth

  • -

    invasion and cooption depend on IRE1α endoribonuclease activity

 [90,91,92,93,94,95,96]
Human/Animals
In vivo; in vitro		 GB cell/pericyte fusion-hybrids

  • Pericyte fusion-hybrids CDC42-dependent manner promoting tumour diapedesis

 [86]
Human
In vivo cellls; in vitro		 Surrounding microvasculature and migration

  • Upregulation of Ephrin-B2 lead glioma cell migration towards vessels

 [85]