Effect of CM414 on transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)1-mediated activation of LX2 cells. In all experiments LX2 cells were treated with CM414 (5 μM) for 1 h and then stimulated with TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL) for another 24 h. (a) qPCR analysis of the expression of genes involved in fibrogenic activation. (b) qPCR analysis of the expression of sGCβ1 and protein kinase G (PKG). (c) immunoblot analysis of sGCβ1, PKG, phospho-VASP, VASP, and α-TUB protein levels in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (d) qPCR analysis of the expression of nuclear receptor 4 A1 (NR4A1) and proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (e) immunoblot analyses of phospho-SMAD3, SMAD3, phospho-AKT and AKT protein levels in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (f) qPCR analyses of DKK1, DKK2, and c-MYC expression in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (g) immunoblot analyses of activated β-catenin (β-CAT) and α-TUB protein levels in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (h) qPCR analyses of WNT-5A expression in LX2 cells treated as indicated. (i) qPCR analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) mRNA expression in LX2 cells treated as indicated. Representative blots of three experiments performed in duplicate are shown. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.