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. 2020 Dec 10;11(12):1485. doi: 10.3390/genes11121485

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The variation in the amount, composition, and distribution of heterochromatin in conserved syntenic groups of pinnipeds. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of CFA11 (green) and CFA2 (red) on DAPI (blue) stained chromosomes. (a) CH addition in four species of pinnipeds on p-arms of homologs of stone marten chromosome MFO11. (b) CH addition on p-arms, centromere size, and nucleotide composition variation on MFO 12 homologs in eared seals. (c) Different sizes and nucleotide compositions of heterochromatin p-arms among the eared seals. Intercalary heterochromatin in CURS 4q is DAPI positive. Note the possible duplication of the segment homologous to CFA 11 in EBAR10 and PSIB1. The segment order was revealed by G-banding followed by mapping of dog (CFA) painting probes (red and green in FISH images of DAPI-stained chromosomes). Segments that did not stain with any dog probe represent CH and are highlighted in blue (DAPI⁺) or black (DAPI⁻). Stone marten (MFO) chromosomes representing the ancestral form of the syntenic group in Carnivora are borrowed from ref. [32]. Pinniped families are designated by color boxes: pink, Otariidae; green, Phocidae; and yellow, Odobenidae.

The variation in the amount, composition, and distribution of heterochromatin in conserved syntenic groups of pinnipeds. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of CFA11 (green) and CFA2 (red) on DAPI (blue) stained chromosomes. (a) CH addition in four species of pinnipeds on p-arms of homologs of stone marten chromosome MFO11. (b) CH addition on p-arms, centromere size, and nucleotide composition variation on MFO 12 homologs in eared seals. (c) Different sizes and nucleotide compositions of heterochromatin p-arms among the eared seals. Intercalary heterochromatin in CURS 4q is DAPI positive. Note the possible duplication of the segment homologous to CFA 11 in EBAR10 and PSIB1. The segment order was revealed by G-banding followed by mapping of dog (CFA) painting probes (red and green in FISH images of DAPI-stained chromosomes). Segments that did not stain with any dog probe represent CH and are highlighted in blue (DAPI⁺) or black (DAPI⁻). Stone marten (MFO) chromosomes representing the ancestral form of the syntenic group in Carnivora are borrowed from ref. [32]. Pinniped families are designated by color boxes: pink, Otariidae; green, Phocidae; and yellow, Odobenidae.

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