ACAN	Aggrecan
ACTA2	α-smooth muscle actin
AIC	arterial intimal calcification
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
AMC	arterial medial calcification
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
CAC	Coronary artery calcification
CaN	Calcineurin
CHD	Coronary heart disease
CK1	Casein Kinase-1
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
COL2A1	collagen type II alpha
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DKK	Dickkopf
ECM	Extracellular matrix
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FZD	Frizzled receptor
GRb1	Ginsenoside Rb1
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HFD	High-fat diet
IL	Interleukin
Kre	Kremen
LRP5/6	Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cells
MMP13	Matrix metalloprotease 13
NF-AT	nuclear factor of activated T-cells
NF-κB	kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
OCN	Osteocalcin
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OPN	Osteopontin
OSX	Osterix
oxLDL	oxidized low density lipoprotein
PIT	inorganic phosphate transporter
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
PPRE	PPAR response element
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
RAAS	Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
RXR	Retinoid X receptor
sFRP	secreted frizzled receptor protein
SOX9	SRY-box transcription factor 9
T1D	Type 1 Diabetes
T2D	Type 2 Diabetes
TCF/LEF	T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor
TGFβ	Transforming growth factor β
TNFα	Tumor necrosis factor α
TRAIL	TNF–related apoptosis-inducing ligand
VC	Vascular calcification
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cells
WNT	Wingless/Int-1