Table 2.
Prehospital and Hospital Characteristics
| Variables, n (%) | All (n=11 465) | 2011 (n=1377) | 2012 (n=1440) | 2013 (n=1736) | 2014 (n=2037) | 2015 (n=2372) | 2016 (n=2503) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bystander CPR | 5244 (45.7) | 302 (21.9) | 472 (32.8) | 744 (42.9) | 1031 (50.6) | 1284 (54.1) | 1411 (56.3) |
| Bystander AED applied | 378 (3.3) | 24 (1.8) | 27 (1.9) | 43 (2.5) | 73 (3.6) | 96 (4.1) | 115 (4.6) |
| Bystander defibrillation | 157 (1.4) | 11 (0.8) | 16 (1.1) | 22 (1.3) | 25 (1.2) | 37 (1.6) | 46 (1.8) |
| Arrest witnessed by | |||||||
| EMS/private ambulance | 994 (8.7) | 112 (8.1) | 121 (8.4) | 138 (7.9) | 155 (7.61) | 216 (9.1) | 252 (10.1) |
| Bystander | 5991 (52.3) | 775 (56.3) | 716 (49.7) | 881 (50.8) | 1082 (53.1) | 1271 (53.6) | 1266 (50.6) |
| Not witnessed | 4480 (39.1) | 490 (35.6) | 603 (41.9) | 717 (41.3) | 800 (39.3) | 885 (37.3) | 985 (39.4) |
| Initial arrest rhythm | |||||||
| Nonshockable rhythm | 9276 (80.9) | 1114 (80.9) | 1144 (79.4) | 1405 (80.9) | 1651 (81.1) | 1941 (81.8) | 2021 (80.7) |
| Shockable rhythm | 1995 (17.4) | 251 (18.2) | 280 (19.4) | 304 (17.5) | 347 (17.0) | 378 (15.9) | 435 (17.4) |
| Missing | 194 (1.7) | 12 (0.9) | 16 (1.1) | 27 (1.6) | 39 (1.9) | 53 (2.2) | 47 (1.9) |
| Prehospital advanced airway | 9764 (85.3) | 1132 (82.6) | 1201 (83.7) | 1515 (87.3) | 1751 (85.9) | 2031 (85.6) | 2134 (85.3) |
| Prehospital drug administration | 6108 (53.3) | 634 (46.2) | 696 (48.5) | 871 (50.2) | 1056 (51.8) | 1347 (56.8) | 1504 (60.1) |
| Response time in min, median (IQR) | 08:22 (06:29–10:44) | 07:42 (05:51–10:15) | 08:09 (06:15–10:36) | 08:05 (06:08–10:50) | 09:05 (07:08–11:28) | 08:32 (06:47–10:44) | 08:13 (06:26–10:23) |
| Response time | |||||||
| ≤8 min | 5105 (45.2) | 729 (52.9) | 705 (49.0) | 849 (48.9) | 712 (35.0) | 1019 (43.0) | 1091 (46.8) |
| >8 min | 6186 (54.8) | 648 (47.1) | 735 (51.0) | 887 (51.1) | 1325 (65.0) | 1353 (57.0) | 1238 (53.2) |
| Age‐adjusted incidence rates (per 100 000 pop.) | |||||||
| All EMS treated (resuscitation attempted) | 25.6 (n=1363) | 26.0 (n=1421 | 29.4 (n=1714) | 32.8 (n=2002) | 36.9 (n=2321) | 38.2 (n=2470) | |
| Initial shockable rhythm | 4.8 (n=251) | 5.1 (n=280) | 5.3 (n=304) | 5.8 (n=347) | 6.2 (n=378) | 7.0 (n=435) | |
| Hospital interventions | |||||||
| ECMO therapy | 31 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (0.5) | 9 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) |
| Hypothermia therapy | 485 (4.2) | 17 (1.2) | 23 (1.6) | 61 (3.5) | 117 (5.7) | 135 (5.7) | 132 (5.3) |
AED indicates automated external defibrillator; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EMS, emergency medical services; and IQR, interquartile range.