Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with 3GCREC and 3GCSEC and with 3GCRKP and 3GCSKP before PSM and after PSM.
| Before PSM | After PSM for Potential Confounding Variables Excluding LOS Before Culture | After PSM for Potential Confounding Variables Including LOS Before Culture | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | 3GCSEC | 3GCREC | p Value | 3GCSKP | 3GCRKP | P Value | 3GCSEC | 3GCREC | p Value | 3GCSKP | 3GCRKP | p Value | 3GCSEC | 3GCREC | P Value | 3GCSKP | 3GCRKP | p Value |
| Number of inpatient, n | 2588 | 2056 | 3485 | 1679 | 1815 | 1815 | 1617 | 1617 | 1804 | 1804 | 1521 | 1521 | ||||||
| Age in years, median (range) |
73 (0–100) | 72 (0–100) | 0.196 | 72 (0–100) | 74 (0–99) | <0.000 | 72 (0–100) | 72 (0–100) | 0.233 | 71 (0–100) | 74 (0–99) | 0.465 | 72 (0–100) | 73 (0–100) | 0.843 | 73 (0–99) | 70 (0–99) | 0.396 |
| Sex male, n (%) | 1174 (45.36) | 600 (29.18) | <0.000 | 2357 (67.63) | 1163 (69.27) | 0.238 | 585 (32.23) | 600 (33.06) | 0.595 | 1123 (69.45) | 1113 (68.83) | 0.703 | 600 (33.26) | 582 (32.26) | 0.523 | 1052 (69.17) | 1072 (70.48) | 0.43 |
| Insurance, n (%) | 2262 (87.40) | 1799 (87.50) | 0.921 | 2859 (82.04) | 1374 (81.83) | 0.859 | 1583 (87.22) | 1590 (87.60) | 0.726 | 1305 (80.71) | 1320 (81.63) | 0.5 | 1582 (87.69) | 1567 (86.86) | 0.454 | 1241 (81.59) | 1224 (80.47) | 0.432 |
| Number of diagnoses, median (range) |
6 (1–23) | 6 (1–20) | 0.452 | 6 (1–30) | 7 (1–23) | <0.000 | 6 (1–23) | 6 (1–20) | 0.87 | 7 (1–30) | 6 (1–21) | 0.353 | 6 (1–20) | 6 (1–23) | 0.753 | 7 (1–23) | 6 (1–30) | 0.687 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (range) |
5 (1–29) | 5 (1–37) | 0.654 | 5 (1–34) | 5 (1–30) | 0.603 | 5 (1–29) | 5 (1–37) | 0.722 | 5 (1–34) | 5 (1–30) | 0.654 | 5 (1–37) | 5 (1–28) | 0.902 | 5 (1–30) | 5 (1–27) | 0.180 |
| Admission to ICU, n (%) | 175 (6.76) | 87 (4.23) | <0.000 | 420 (12.05) | 404 (24.06) | <0.000 | 88 (4.85) | 87 (4.79) | 0.938 | 348 (21.52) | 357 (22.08) | 0.701 | 87 (4.82) | 90 (4.99) | 0.817 | 317 (20.84) | 332 (21.83) | 0.507 |
| Surgery, n (%) | 770 (29.75) | 451 (21.94) | <0.000 | 868 (24.91) | 514 (30.61) | <0.000 | 464 (25.56) | 447 (24.63) | 0.515 | 498 (30.80) | 490 (30.30) | 0.76 | 448 (24.83) | 445 (24.67) | 0.908 | 459 (30.18) | 496 (32.61) | 0.148 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) |
63 (2.43) | 47 (2.29) | 0.741 | 102 (2.93) | 41 (2.44) | 0.32 | 44 (2.42) | 43 (2.37) | 0.914 | 40 (2.47) | 41 (2.54) | 0.91 | 44 (2.44) | 37 (2.05) | 0.431 | 34 (2.24) | 41 (2.70) | 0.413 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) |
439 (16.96) | 296 (14.40) | 0.017 | 627 (17.99) | 258 (15.37) | 0.019 | 283 (15.59) | 293 (16.14) | 0.65 | 229 (14.16) | 248 (15.34) | 0.346 | 296 (16.41) | 279 (15.47) | 0.439 | 235 (15.45) | 220 (14.46) | 0.446 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) |
19 (0.73) | 14 (0.68) | 0.83 | 47 (1.35) | 18 (1.07) | 0.404 | 13 (0.72) | 14 (0.77) | 0.847 | 18 (1.11) | 18 (1.11) | 1 | 14 (0.78) | 18 (1.00) | 0.478 | 18 (1.18) | 21 (1.38) | 0.629 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases, n (%) |
1077 (41.62) | 960 (46.69) | 0.001 | 1786 (51.25) | 881 (52.47) | 0.41 | 783 (43.14) | 813 (44.79) | 0.316 | 840 (51.95) | 845 (52.26) | 0.86 | 794 (44.01) | 785 (43.51) | 0.763 | 790 (51.94) | 787 (51.74) | 0.913 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 91 (3.52) | 74 (3.60) | 0.879 | 81 (2.32) | 73 (4.35) | <0.000 | 62 (3.42) | 68 (3.75) | 0.592 | 69 (4.27) | 67 (4.14) | 0.861 | 67 (3.71) | 67 (3.71) | 1 | 61 (4.01) | 65 (4.27) | 0.716 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) |
442 (17.08) | 261 (12.69) | <0.000 | 891 (25.57) | 351 (20.91) | <0.000 | 266 (14.66) | 259 (14.27) | 0.741 | 328 (20.28) | 344 (21.27) | 0.488 | 260 (14.41) | 264 (14.63) | 0.85 | 323 (21.24) | 303 (19.92) | 0.37 |
| Connective tissue disease, n (%) |
84 (3.25) | 88 (4.28) | 0.064 | 62 (1.78) | 29 (1.73) | 0.894 | 73 (4.02) | 74 (4.08) | 0.933 | 30 (1.86) | 28 (1.73) | 0.791 | 77 (4.27) | 73 (4.05) | 0.739 | 28 (1.84) | 29 (1.91) | 0.894 |
| Mild liver disease, n (%) | 121 (4.68) | 114 (5.54) | 0.179 | 124 (3.56) | 65 (3.87) | 0.574 | 92 (5.07) | 88 (4.85) | 0.76 | 63 (3.90) | 64 (3.96) | 0.928 | 91 (5.04) | 94 (5.21) | 0.821 | 58 (3.81) | 67 (4.40) | 0.411 |
| Peptic ulcer disease, n (%) | 62 (2.40) | 57 (2.77) | 0.42 | 105 (3.01) | 55 (3.28) | 0.61 | 48 (2.64) | 45 (2.48) | 0.753 | 53 (3.28) | 52 (3.22) | 0.921 | 48 (2.66) | 49 (2.72) | 0.918 | 49 (3.22) | 53 (3.48) | 0.687 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 894 (34.54) | 706 (34.34) | 0.884 | 952 (27.32) | 448 (26.68) | 0.631 | 628 (34.60) | 630 (34.71) | 0.944 | 401 (24.80) | 434 (26.84) | 0.185 | 633 (35.09) | 625 (34.65) | 0.78 | 411 (27.02) | 409 (26.89) | 0.935 |
| Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications, n (%) |
132 (5.10) | 167 (8.12) | <0.000 | 115 (3.30) | 63 (3.75) | 0.404 | 119 (6.56) | 93 (5.12) | 0.066 | 59 (3.65) | 61 (3.77) | 0.852 | 97 (5.38) | 121 (6.71) | 0.094 | 57 (3.75) | 55 (3.62) | 0.847 |
| Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 232 (8.96) | 188 (9.14) | 0.832 | 235 (6.74) | 189 (11.26) | <0.000 | 171 (9.42) | 166 (9.15) | 0.775 | 176 (10.88) | 165 (10.20) | 0.529 | 166 (9.20) | 167 (9.26) | 0.954 | 153 (10.06) | 165 (10.85) | 0.477 |
| Hemiplegia, n (%) | 33 (1.28) | 22 (1.07) | 0.521 | 24 (0.69) | 22 (1.31) | 0.026 | 18 (0.99) | 21 (1.16) | 0.629 | 24 (1.48) | 20 (1.24) | 0.544 | 21 (1.16) | 19 (1.05) | 0.75 | 18 (1.18) | 20 (1.31) | 0.744 |
| Solid tumor without metastases, n (%) | 316 (12.21) | 207 (10.07) | 0.022 | 224 (6.43) | 126 (7.50) | 0.149 | 198 (10.91) | 204 (11.24) | 0.751 | 128 (7.92) | 124 (7.67) | 0.793 | 206 (11.42) | 197 (10.92) | 0.634 | 121 (7.96) | 126 (8.28) | 0.74 |
| Leukemia, n (%) | 40 (1.55) | 21 (1.02) | 0.119 | 51 (1.46) | 40 (2.38) | 0.019 | 22 (1.21) | 21 (1.16) | 0.878 | 43 (2.66) | 38 (2.35) | 0.574 | 21 (1.16) | 19 (1.05) | 0.75 | 35 (2.30) | 39 (2.56) | 0.638 |
| Malignant lymphoma, n (%) | 34 (1.31) | 12 (0.58) | 0.013 | 33 (0.95) | 28 (1.67) | 0.025 | 8 (0.44) | 12 (0.66) | 0.37 | 27 (1.67) | 25 (1.55) | 0.78 | 12 (0.67) | 13 (0.72) | 0.841 | 24 (1.58) | 30 (1.97) | 0.41 |
| Severe liver disease, n (%) | 52 (2.01) | 33 (1.61) | 0.307 | 45 (1.29) | 26 (1.55) | 0.457 | 29 (1.60) | 32 (1.76) | 0.698 | 27 (1.67) | 26 (1.61) | 0.89 | 32 (1.77) | 33 (1.83) | 0.9 | 23 (1.51) | 23 (1.51) | 1.000 |
| Metastatic tumor, n (%) | 129 (4.98) | 112 (5.45) | 0.48 | 206 (5.91) | 59 (3.51) | <0.000 | 99 (5.45) | 88 (4.85) | 0.409 | 70 (4.33) | 59 (3.65) | 0.323 | 91 (5.04) | 97 (5.38) | 0.653 | 58 (3.81) | 40 (2.63) | 0.065 |
3GCREC: third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli; 3GCSEC: third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli; 3GCSKP: third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; PSM: propensity score matching; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit.