Table 2.
Association of early life cumulative adversities and home environment with adolescent IQ in the 1993 Pelotas and Birth to 20 Plus Birth Cohorts
| Learning opportunities | Responsive caregiving | Child adversities | Environmental adversities | Total adversities | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ Pelotas (n=547)* | ||||||
| Nurturing environment | ||||||
| Learning opportunities | 6·73 (5·54 to 7·91) | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | |
| Responsive caregiving | ·· | 3·35 (1·91 to 4·79) | ·· | ·· | ·· | |
| Cumulative adversities | ||||||
| Environmental | ·· | ·· | ·· | –5·54 (–6·75 to –4·33) | ·· | |
| Child | ·· | ·· | –2·13 (–3·79 to –0·47) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | –5·89 (–7·29 to –4·50) | |
| Nurturing adjusted for adversities | ||||||
| Learning opportunities | ||||||
| Environmental | 5·30 (6·61 to 3·99) | ·· | ·· | –2·94 (–4·23 to –1·65) | ·· | |
| Child | 6·64 (5·46 to 7·83) | ·· | –1·38 (–2·96 to 0·19) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | 5·47 (4·20 to 6·74) | ·· | ·· | ·· | –2·04 (–2·97 to –1·12) | |
| Responsive caregiving | ||||||
| Environmental | ·· | 2·01 (3·36 to 0·66) | ·· | –5·04 (–6·28 to –3·80) | ·· | |
| Child | ·· | 3·34 (1·90 to 4·77) | –2·09 (–3·76 to –0·41) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | ·· | 2·26 (0·93 to 3·59) | ·· | ·· | –3·46 (–4·35 to –2·57) | |
| IQ Bt20+ (n=1081)* | ||||||
| Nurturing environment | ||||||
| Learning opportunities | 1·20 (0·30 to 2·11) | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | |
| Responsive caregiving | ·· | 0·64 (–0·30 to 1·58) | ·· | ·· | ·· | |
| Cumulative adversities | ||||||
| Environmental | ·· | ·· | ·· | –2·68 (–4·10 to –1·26) | ·· | |
| Child | ·· | ·· | –2·69 (–4·52 to –0·86) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | –2·69 (–4·52 to –0·86) | |
| Nurturing adjusted for adversities | ||||||
| Learning opportunities | ||||||
| Environmental | 0·93 (0·01 to 1·86) | ·· | ·· | –2·62 (–4·04 to –1·20) | ·· | |
| Child | 1·14 (2·05 to 0·22) | ·· | –0·75 (–1·93 to 0·42) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | 0·86 (–0·12 to 1·83) | ·· | ·· | ·· | –2·69 (–0·86 to –4·52) | |
| Responsive caregiving | ||||||
| Environmental | ·· | 0·65 (–0·30 to 1·59) | ·· | –2·67 (–4·09 to –1·25) | ·· | |
| Child | ·· | 0·66 (1·60 to –0·27) | –0·81 (–1·99 to 0·36) | ·· | ·· | |
| Total | ·· | 0·65 (–0·32 to 1·61) | ·· | ·· | –2·67 (–0·84 to –4·50) | |
Data are linear regression unstandardised coefficient (95% CI). IQ=intelligence quotient. Cumulative adversities: child is a sum of a child's characteristics (birthweight, gestational age, and growth at 12 months), range 0–3. Cumulative adversities: environmental is a sum of maternal and household characteristics (wealth, maternal schooling, maternal height, maternal age, maternal mental health, and household crowding), range 0–6. Cumulative adversities: total is a sum of all early adversities, range 0–9. Cumulative adversities (environmental, child, total) were analysed separately.
Each row is a model. The sample size is the same across all models.