Table 5.
Risks of All‐Cause Mortality According to the Frequency of Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity in Each Study Group
| Subgroups and Exposure | Model 1. Adjusted for the Baseline Severity of MetS (Number of MetS Components)* | Model 2. Adjusted for the Baseline Severity of MetS (Laboratory Parameters of MetS) † | Model 3. Adjusted for the Baseline Severity of MetS (Number of MetS Components) and Other Lifestyle Variables (Smoking, Alcohol) ‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| MetS‐free | ||||||
| 0 d/wk | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–2 d/wk | 0.82 (0.8–0.85) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.8–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.82–0.87) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 d/wk | 0.79 (0.76–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.77–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.8–0.86) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 d/wk | 0.82 (0.79–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.8–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | <0.001 |
| MetS‐recovery | ||||||
| 0 d/wk | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–2 d/wk | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.68–0.81) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 d/wk | 0.72 (0.65–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.65–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 d/wk | 0.74 (0.67–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.7–0.85) | <0.001 |
| MetS‐developed | ||||||
| 0 d/wk | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–2 d/wk | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.002 | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.001 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.024 |
| 3–4 d/wk | 0.73 (0.66–0.8) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.69–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.7–0.84) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 d/wk | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | <0.001 |
| MetS‐chronic | ||||||
| 0 d/wk | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1–2 d/wk | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 d/wk | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.72–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.72–0.81) | <0.001 |
| ≥5 d/wk | 0.77 (0.73–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.76–0.85) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | <0.001 |
IRR indicates incidence rate ratio; and MetS, metabolic syndrome.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (continuous, mL/min per 1.73 m2), alanine aminotransferase (continuous, IU/mL aspartate aminotransferase (continuous, IU/mL), hemoglobin (continuous, g/dL), low‐income status (the lowest quartile in the nation), body mass index (continuous, kg/m2), Charlson Comorbidity Index score, place of residence (urban or rural), and the number of MetS components at the baseline health screening.
Model 2 was adjusted for the same variables as Model 1, but the exact values of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were included in the multivariable model instead of the number of MetS components.
Model 3 was adjusted for the same variables as Model 1, but other lifestyle variables (smoking: none, previous, current; and alcohol consumption: none, moderate, heavy) were additionally included.