Table 1.
Table. Characteristics of Patients in Coracle Registry Aged ≥50 Years Hospitalized for COVID‐19
| Characteristic | Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Inhibition | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall (n=781) |
None (n=477) |
ARB (n=133) |
ACEI (n=171) |
||
| Age, y | 69 [60, 78.5] | 66 [58, 78] | 73 [65, 80] | 72 [63.7, 77] | <0.0001 |
| Age category, y | <0.0001 | ||||
| 50–59 | 194 (24.8%) | 150 (31.5%) | 17 (12.8%) | 27 (15.8%) | |
| 60–69 | 205 (26.2%) | 122 (25.6%) | 35 (26.3%) | 48 (28.1%) | |
| 70–79 | 204 (26.1%) | 99 (20.8%) | 46 (34.6%) | 59 (34.5%) | |
| 80+ | 178 (22.8%) | 106 (22.2%) | 35 (26.3%) | 37 (21.6%) | |
| Sex (male) | 498 (63.8%) | 305 (63.9%) | 83 (62.4%) | 110 (64.3%) | 0.9342 |
| History of hypertension2 | 451 (57.9%) | 155 (32.6%) | 130 (97.7%) | 166 (97.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Obstructive lung disease1 | 84 (10.8%) | 52 (10.9%) | 10 (7.5%) | 22 (12.9%) | 0.3236 |
| Diabetes mellitus1 | 143 (18.3%) | 66 (13.8%) | 31 (23.3%) | 46 (27.1%) | 0.0002 |
| Smoking status2 | 0.2524 | ||||
| Yes | 69 (8.9%) | 39 (8.2%) | 11 (8.3%) | 19 (11.1%) | |
| No | 655 (84.1%) | 410 (86.1%) | 108 (81.8%) | 137 (80.1%) | |
| Former | 55 (7.1%) | 27 (5.7%) | 13 (9.8%) | 15 (8.8%) | |
| Congestive heart failure2 | 67 (8.6%) | 31 (6.5%) | 16 (12%) | 20 (11.7%) | 0.0355 |
| Coronary artery disease (ischemia) | 104 (13.3%) | 46 (9.6%) | 28 (21.1%) | 30 (17.5%) | 0.0005 |
| Beta blocker1 | 174 (22.3%) | 82 (17.2%) | 42 (31.6%) | 50 (29.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Calcium channel antagonist1 | 154 (19.7%) | 67 (14.1%) | 40 (30.1%) | 47 (27.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Thiazide diuretic43 | 107 (14.5%) | 42 (9.3%) | 31 (24.6%) | 34 (21.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Loop diuretic43 | 99 (13.4%) | 48 (10.6%) | 26 (20.6%) | 25 (15.6%) | 0.0092 |
| Intensive care unit | 225 (28.8%) | 130 (27.3%) | 37 (27.8%) | 58 (33.9%) | 0.2463 |
| Invasive ventilation6 | 107 (13.8%) | 64 (13.5%) | 16 (12.2%) | 27 (16%) | 0.6089 |
| High flow ventilation without intubation9 | 298 (38.6%) | 169 (35.9%) | 54 (40.9%) | 75 (44.4%) | 0.1257 |
| Oxygen low flow9 | 333 (43.1%) | 214 (45.4%) | 59 (44.7%) | 60 (35.5%) | 0.0758 |
Age is presented as median [quartile 1, quartile 3] and categorical variables are presented as frequency (%). The P value for age was calculated from the Kruskal–Wallis Test. All other P values were calculated using the Chi‐Square test. Superscripts indicate missing data. ACEI indicates angiotensin II‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor antagonist/blocker; and COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019.