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. 2020 Nov 6;9(22):e016339. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016339

Table 1.

Demographic Information, Patient Comorbidities, Medications, and Self‐Reported Symptom Status

Variable Healthy Control (n=36)

BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO

≤3.2 WU (n=44)

BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO

>3.2 WU (n=41)

BREATH Cohort (n=85)
Demographic Information
Sex (% male) 50 50 46 48
Age, y 55, 50–60 53, 44–63 66, 57–75*, 60, 49–71
Height, cm 170±9 172±9 167±11 170±10
Weight, kg 74, 62–85 79, 72–100 82, 64–95 82, 68–98
Body mass index, kg/m2 25.3±3.0 28.5±5.2 28.5±5.6 28.5±5.4
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus (% yes) 11 37* 24
Hypertension (% yes) 41 71* 55
Dyslipidemia (% yes) 20 51* 35
Heart failure (% yes) 9 34* 21
Creatinine, mmol/L 79, 69–92 97, 75–129* 84, 73–111
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73m2 83±22 62±24* 72±25
History of CAD (% yes) 9 27* 18
Non CAD surgery (% yes) 2 10 6
Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (% yes) 11 34* 22
Smoking (% never/current/previous) 77/3/20 49/2/49* 64/2/34
Connective tissue disorder (% yes) 11 5 8
Documented previous pulmonary embolism (% yes) 45 10* 28
Medications
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (% yes) 18 27 22
Angiotensin blocker (% yes) 7 27* 17
Beta blockers (% yes) 20 49* 34
Calcium channel blocker (% yes) 20 24 22
Acetylsalicylic acid (% yes) 25 41 33
Anticoagulant (% yes) 52 46 49
Insulin (% yes) 7 17 12
Other antidiabetic 11 27 19
Diuretic (% yes) 32 61* 46
Statin (% yes) 25 56* 40
Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire and MRC Breathlessness Scale
Physical functioning 45, 25–65 30, 15–58 35, 20–65
Physical role functioning 0, 0–50 0, 0–63 0, 0–50
Emotional role functioning 100, 33–100 66, 0–100 100, 0–100
Energy/fatigue 35, 15–50 40, 20–50 40, 20–50
Emotional well‐being 72, 56–84 68, 52–80 70, 52–84
Social functioning 63, 38–88 50, 50–88 50, 38–88
Pain 78, 45–90 58, 28–76 68, 38–86
General health 45, 25–65 35, 20–60 40, 25–60
Health change 50, 25–50 25, 25–67 38, 25–50
MRC Breathlessness Score 3, 2–4 4, 3–5 3, 2–4

Data are mean±SD or median, interquartile range (Q1–Q3). BREATH indicates Breathlessness Revealed Using Exercise to Assess the Hemodynamic Response; CAD, coronary artery disease; CO, cardiac output; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; MRC, medical research council; and WU, Wood unit.

*

Statistically significant difference between BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU and BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU (P<0.05).

Statistically significant difference from Healthy Control and BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU or BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU respectively (P<0.05).