Table 1.
Variable | Healthy Control (n=36) |
BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU (n=44) |
BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU (n=41) |
BREATH Cohort (n=85) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Information | ||||
Sex (% male) | 50 | 50 | 46 | 48 |
Age, y | 55, 50–60 | 53, 44–63 | 66, 57–75*, † | 60, 49–71 |
Height, cm | 170±9 | 172±9 | 167±11 | 170±10 |
Weight, kg | 74, 62–85 | 79, 72–100 | 82, 64–95 | 82, 68–98 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3±3.0 | 28.5±5.2† | 28.5±5.6† | 28.5±5.4 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus (% yes) | … | 11 | 37* | 24 |
Hypertension (% yes) | … | 41 | 71* | 55 |
Dyslipidemia (% yes) | … | 20 | 51* | 35 |
Heart failure (% yes) | … | 9 | 34* | 21 |
Creatinine, mmol/L | … | 79, 69–92 | 97, 75–129* | 84, 73–111 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73m2 | … | 83±22 | 62±24* | 72±25 |
History of CAD (% yes) | … | 9 | 27* | 18 |
Non CAD surgery (% yes) | … | 2 | 10 | 6 |
Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (% yes) | … | 11 | 34* | 22 |
Smoking (% never/current/previous) | … | 77/3/20 | 49/2/49* | 64/2/34 |
Connective tissue disorder (% yes) | … | 11 | 5 | 8 |
Documented previous pulmonary embolism (% yes) | … | 45 | 10* | 28 |
Medications | ||||
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (% yes) | … | 18 | 27 | 22 |
Angiotensin blocker (% yes) | … | 7 | 27* | 17 |
Beta blockers (% yes) | … | 20 | 49* | 34 |
Calcium channel blocker (% yes) | … | 20 | 24 | 22 |
Acetylsalicylic acid (% yes) | … | 25 | 41 | 33 |
Anticoagulant (% yes) | … | 52 | 46 | 49 |
Insulin (% yes) | … | 7 | 17 | 12 |
Other antidiabetic | … | 11 | 27 | 19 |
Diuretic (% yes) | … | 32 | 61* | 46 |
Statin (% yes) | … | 25 | 56* | 40 |
Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire and MRC Breathlessness Scale | ||||
Physical functioning | … | 45, 25–65 | 30, 15–58 | 35, 20–65 |
Physical role functioning | … | 0, 0–50 | 0, 0–63 | 0, 0–50 |
Emotional role functioning | … | 100, 33–100 | 66, 0–100 | 100, 0–100 |
Energy/fatigue | … | 35, 15–50 | 40, 20–50 | 40, 20–50 |
Emotional well‐being | … | 72, 56–84 | 68, 52–80 | 70, 52–84 |
Social functioning | … | 63, 38–88 | 50, 50–88 | 50, 38–88 |
Pain | … | 78, 45–90 | 58, 28–76 | 68, 38–86 |
General health | … | 45, 25–65 | 35, 20–60 | 40, 25–60 |
Health change | … | 50, 25–50 | 25, 25–67 | 38, 25–50 |
MRC Breathlessness Score | … | 3, 2–4 | 4, 3–5 | 3, 2–4 |
Data are mean±SD or median, interquartile range (Q1–Q3). BREATH indicates Breathlessness Revealed Using Exercise to Assess the Hemodynamic Response; CAD, coronary artery disease; CO, cardiac output; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; MRC, medical research council; and WU, Wood unit.
Statistically significant difference between BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU and BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU (P<0.05).
Statistically significant difference from Healthy Control and BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU or BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU respectively (P<0.05).