Table 2.
Semiupright Rest and Exercise Hemodynamic Data
| Variable | Healthy Control (n=36) |
BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU (n=44) |
BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.2 WU (n=41) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | |
| WR, W | … | 67±26 | … | 51±27* | … | 30±19*, † |
| Heart rate, bpm | 64±8 | 121±3‡ | 68±11 | 110±20*, ‡ | 70±10* | 103±20*, ‡ |
| Stroke volume, mL | 76±16 | 93±23‡ | 78±20 | 104±25‡ | 65±17*, † | 69±23*, †, ‡ |
| CO, L/min | 4.8±0.8 | 11.2±2.7‡ | 5.2±1.3 | 11.3±3.0‡ | 4.5±1.3† | 7.1±2.6* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128±13 | 169±15‡ | 130±17 | 155±21‡ | 132±25 | 152±34*, ‡ |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79±8 | 80±9 | 82±10 | 81±16 | 76±11 | 81±19 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure, mm Hg | 96±8 | 109±8 | 97±10 | 105±14 | 94±14 | 104±21 |
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 6±2 | 6±3 | 3±3* | 5±4‡ | 6±5 | 15±7*, †, ‡ |
| Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mm Hg | 25±4 | 36±7‡ | 25±8 | 41±12‡ | 54±26*, † | 81±28*, †, ‡ |
| Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 11±3 | 15±4‡ | 10±4 | 17±5‡ | 19±9*, † | 31±9*, †, ‡ |
| mPAP, mm Hg | 17±3 | 25±5‡ | 17±5 | 28±7‡ | 33±15*, † | 53±16*, †, ‡ |
| mPAP ≤20 mm Hg (%) | 31 (86) | … | 31 (86) | … | 9 (22) | … |
| mPAP 21–24 mm Hg (%) | 5 (14) | … | 5 (14) | 7 (17) | … | |
| mPAP ≥25 mm Hg (%) | 0 (0) | … | 0 (0) | … | 25 (61) | … |
| PAWP, mm Hg | 11±2 | 15±5‡ | 9±4 | 14±6‡ | 13±7† | 23±10*, †, ‡ |
| PAWP ≤15 [C] 25 [E] mm Hg (%) | 34 (94) | 34 (97) | 34 (94) | 40 (91) | 28 (68) | 25 (61) |
| PAWP >15 [C] 25 [E] mm Hg (%) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) (missing n=1) | 2 (6) | 4 (9) | 13 (32) | 16 (39) |
| Systemic PP, mm Hg | 49±12 | 89±16‡ | 48±16 | 74±24*, ‡ | 56±22 | 71±33*, ‡ |
| Systemic vascular resistance, dyn/s per cm5 | 1538±287 | 778±199‡ | 1524±445 | 758±237‡ | 1666±525 | 1108±438*, †, ‡ |
| Pulmonary PP, mm Hg | 14±3 | 21±5‡ | 16±5 | 24±9‡ | 35±19*, † | 49±22*, †, ‡ |
| Transpulmonary pressure gradient, mm Hg | 6±2 | 10±3‡ | 8±4 | 13±6‡ | 20±15*, † | 30±21*, †, ‡ |
| Diastolic pressure gradient, mm Hg | −1±1 | −0.1±3 | 1±3 | 2±5 | 6±8*, † | 8±13*, †, ‡ |
| Rp, mm Hg/s per mL | 0.07±0.22 | 0.06±0.02‡ | 0.10±0.05 | 0.07±0.04‡ | 0.29±0.24*, † | 0.30±0.25*, † |
| Cp, mL/mm Hg | 5.6±1.6 | 4.6±1.7 | 5.3±1.8 | 4.8±2.1 | 2.4±1.2 | 1.7±0.9 |
| RpCp‐time, s | 0.39±0.10 | 0.23±0.007 | 0.44±0.11 | 0.31±0.10 | 0.45±0.15 | 0.33±0.11 |
| PP/PAWP | 1.3±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.0±0.3* | 2.0±1.0 | 1.1±0.2* | 3.9±6.1*, †, ‡ |
| ΔPAWP/ΔCO | 0.7±0.8 | 1.1±1.0* | 6.3±7.8*, † | |||
| PAWP/[WR/weight], mm Hg/W per kg | … | 18±9 | … | 33±32 | … | 83±73*, † |
Data are mean±SD. BREATH, Breathlessness Revealed Using Exercise to Assess the Hemodynamic Response; CO indicates cardiac output; Cp, pulmonary compliance; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; ; PAWP, end‐expiratory pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PP, pulse pressure; Rp, pulmonary vascular resistance; WR, work rate; WU, Wood unit; and Δ difference between exercise and semiupright rest.
Statistically significant difference between healthy controls within condition (P<0.05).
Statistically significant difference between BREATH ΔmPAP/ΔCO ≤3.2 WU within condition (P<0.05).
Statistically significant difference between exercise and semiupright rest within a group (P<0.05).