Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With and Without DM
| Parameters | Patients With DM | Patients Without DM | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n (%)/Mean (SD) | N | n (%)/Mean (SD) | ||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 3162 | 62.1 (10.7) | 9602 | 59.5 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Age group, y | <0.0001 | ||||
| ≤55 | 883 (27.9) | 3529 (36.8) | |||
| 56 to 64 | 958 (30.3) | 2807 (29.2) | |||
| 65 to 74 | 894 (28.3) | 2192 (22.8) | |||
| ≥75 | 427 (13.5) | 1074 (11.2) | |||
| Male | 3162 | 2210 (69.9) | 9602 | 7527 (78.4) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 2866 | 25.2 (3.5) | 8853 | 24.5 (3.6) | <0.0001 |
| BMI group, kg/m2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| ≤25 | 1496 (52.2) | 5304 (59.9) | |||
| >25 | 1370 (47.8) | 3549 (40.1) | |||
| Place of residence | <0.0001 | ||||
| Rural | 3162 | 1034 (32.7) | 9602 | 3633 (37.8) | |
| Metropolitan | 2128 (67.3) | 5969 (62.2) | |||
| Insurance type | 3162 | 9602 | |||
| Government | 2121 (67.1) | 6811 (71.0) | <0.0001 | ||
| Private | 322 (10.2) | 995 (10.4) | 0.77 | ||
| Employer provided | 46 (1.5) | 166 (1.7) | 0.30 | ||
| Other | 117 (3.7) | 368 (3.8) | 0.74 | ||
| None | 609 (19.3) | 1447 (15.1) | <0.0001 | ||
| Hospital type | 3162 | 9602 | <0.0001 | ||
| Reg/comm/rural | 181 (5.7) | 546 (5.7) | |||
| Non–university general | 736 (23.3) | 2403 (25.0) | |||
| University general | 1607 (50.8) | 5383 (56.1) | |||
| Other | 638 (20.2) | 1270 (13.2) | |||
| Medical history | |||||
| Hypertension | 3156 | 2227 (70.6) | 9595 | 4545 (47.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 3007 | 792 (26.3) | 9384 | 1381 (14.7) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 2933 | 802 (27.3) | 8999 | 3516 (39.1) | <0.0001 |
| Prior MI | 3057 | 447 (14.6) | 9380 | 765 (8.2) | <0.0001 |
| Prior PCI | 3063 | 340 (11.1) | 9410 | 625 (6.6) | <0.0001 |
| TIA/stroke | 3056 | 196 (6.4) | 9396 | 368 (3.9) | <0.0001 |
| PVD | 3047 | 42 (1.4) | 9384 | 58 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic anemia | 3074 | 50 (1.6) | 9405 | 54 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Major bleeding | 3097 | 19 (0.6) | 9491 | 33 (0.4) | <0.05 |
| In‐hospital events | |||||
| Myocardial infarction | 3124 | 142 (4.6) | 9529 | 244 (2.6) | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | 3135 | 6 (0.2) | 9541 | 18 (0.2) | 0.98 |
| Heart failure | 3133 | 207 (6.6) | 9529 | 448 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Severe arrhythmias | 3110 | 140 (4.5) | 9516 | 431 (4.5) | 0.95 |
| TVR | 3162 | 2042 (64.6) | 9602 | 6701 (69.8) | <0.0001 |
| Bleeding | |||||
| Major | 3162 | 14 (0.4) | 9602 | 49 (0.5) | 0.64 |
| Minor | 3162 | 46 (1.5) | 9602 | 164 (1.7) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical presentation | 3162 | 9602 | |||
| STEMI | 1439 (45.5) | 5089 (53.0) | <0.0001 | ||
| NSTEMI | 770 (24.4) | 1770 (18.4) | |||
| Unstable angina | 953 (30.1) | 2743 (28.6) | |||
| Renal function, eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 3162 | 88.1 (35.8) | 9602 | 95.1 (34.7) | <0.0001 |
| Renal function group, eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| <30 | 127 (4.0) | 103 (1.1) | |||
| 30–59 | 509 (16.1) | 934 (9.7) | |||
| 60–89 | 1123 (35.5) | 3480 (36.2) | |||
| ≥90 | 1403 (44.4) | 5085 (53.0) | |||
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 3018 | 13.2 (2.0) | 9172 | 13.7 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Peak Cr, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 2790 | 1.2 (0.9) | 8686 | 1.0 (0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Positive cardiac markers | 3103 | 2207 (71.1) | 9458 | 6851 (72.4) | 0.16 |
| Medications at discharge | |||||
| Beta‐blocker | 3145 | 2220 (70.6) | 9581 | 6552 (68.4) | <0.05 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 3122 | 475 (15.2) | 9560 | 1060 (11.1) | <0.0001 |
| ACEi/ARB | 3144 | 2046 (65.1) | 9578 | 5880 (61.4) | <0.001 |
| Any LLT | 3162 | 2835 (89.7) | 9602 | 8727 (90.9) | <0.05 |
| Atorvastatin | 1678 (53.1) | 4858 (50.6) | <0.001 | ||
| Fluvastatin | 45 (1.4) | 144 (1.5) | |||
| Pravastatin | 23 (0.7) | 85 (0.9) | |||
| Rosuvastatin | 635 (20.1) | 2185 (22.8) | |||
| Simvastatin | 379 (12.0) | 1298 (13.5) | |||
| Multiple statins | 20 (0.6) | 47 (0.5) | |||
| Other LLT only | 55 (1.7) | 110 (1.2) | |||
| Diuretic | 3128 | 624 (20.0) | 9564 | 1055 (11.0) | <0.0001 |
| Nitrate | 2971 | 280 (9.4) | 9036 | 712 (7.9) | <0.01 |
| Any PPI | 3162 | 1168 (36.9) | 9602 | 3333 (34.7) | <0.05 |
Results are unadjusted. P values from chi‐square test or t‐test as appropriate. ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LLT, lipid‐lowering therapy; NSTEMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; Reg/comm/rural, regional/community/rural; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; and TVR, target vessel revascularization.