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. 2020 Nov 7;9(22):e013476. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013476

Table 5.

Independent Predictors of Composite and Individual Ischemic End Points of Death, MI, and Stroke, and Any Bleeding Events Among Patients With DM Based on Final Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Model

Parameter Predictors HR (95% CI) P Value
Composite of death, MI and stroke
Age, y, vs ≤55 <0.0001
56–64 1.13 (0.82–1.55)
65–74 1.40 (1.02–1.91)
≥75 2.29 (1.64–3.18)
Cardiac catheterization for index event 0.44 (0.35–0.55) <0.0001
Country/region, vs China <0.01
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea 0.71 (0.48–1.06)
India 0.60 (0.46–0.80)
Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 0.91 (0.66–1.25)
Discharge medications: diuretics 1.62 (1.30–2.02) <0.0001
eGFR group, mL/min per 1.73 m2, vs <30 <0.0001
≥30 to <60 0.66 (0.46, 0.96)
≥60 to <90 0.48 (0.33–0.70)
≥90 0.39 (0.27–0.58)
Final diagnosis of index admission event, vs STEMI <0.0001
NSTEMI 1.25 (0.99–1.58)
UA 0.64 (0.48–0.84)
Death
Age, y, vs ≤55 <0.0001
56–64 1.57 (0.96–2.56)
65–74 1.95 (1.21–3.15)
≥75 4.35 (2.71–6.97)
Discharge medications: aldosterone inhibitors 1.58 (1.10–2.28) 0.01
Cardiac catheterization for index event 0.40 (0.31–0.53) <0.0001
Discharge medications: diuretics 1.74 (1.27–2.38) <0.001
eGFR group, mL/min per 1.73 m2, vs <30 <0.0001
≥30 to <60 0.66 (0.43–1.00)
≥60 to <90 0.36 (0.23–0.56)
≥90 0.28 (0.18–0.45)
Chronic DM therapy: oral agent 0.69 (0.53–0.91) <0.01
MI
Cardiac catheterization for index event 0.26 (0.19–0.37) <0.0001
Country/region, vs China <0.0001
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea 1.08 (0.64–1.83)
India 0.12 (0.06–0.27)
Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 0.99 (0.63–1.56)
Final diagnosis of index admission event, vs STEMI <0.0001
NSTEMI 1.56 (1.08–2.25)
UA 0.34 (0.20–0.57)
History: MI 1.79 (1.22–2.64) <0.01
Stroke
Country/region, vs China <0.05
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea 0.44 (0.14–1.40)
India 0.22 (0.08–0.60)
Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 0.66 (0.26–1.66)
Female 2.46 (1.48–4.06) <0.001
Any bleeding
Chronic anemia 5.38 (2.92–9.93) <0.0001
Country/region, vs China <0.0001
Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea 0.43 (0.25–0.76)
India 0.04 (0.01–0.13)
Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 0.31 (0.16–0.59)

Variable selection was done by stepwise procedure with the P value cutoffs for selection at P<0.01 and retention at P<0.20. For each outcome, the final model only included the variables shown in this table. DM indicates diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; and UA, unstable angina.