Table 1.
Characteristics at Baseline (Examination 2) by Quartile of VCAM‐1
| Characteristic | Quartile of VCAM‐1 | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n=574) | 2 (n=574) | 3 (n=575) | 4 (n=574) | ||
| Age, mean±SD, y | 58.3±8.6 | 61.1±9.1 | 64.7±9.5 | 68.1±9.9 | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 305 (53.3) | 331 (57.7) | 301 (52.4) | 282 (49.1) | 0.03 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Black | 233 (40.6) | 118 (20.6) | 117 (20.4) | 85 (14.8) | |
| White | 73 (12.7) | 150 (26.1) | 161 (28.0) | 183 (31.9) | |
| Hispanic | 124 (21.6) | 160 (27.9) | 142 (24.7) | 157 (27.4) | |
| Chinese | 144 (25.1) | 146 (25.4) | 155 (27.0) | 149 (26.0) | |
| Body mass index, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 28.4±5.5 | 27.9±5.8 | 27.6±5.1 | 27.7±5.5 | 0.05 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean±SD, mm Hg | 120.0±19.0 | 121.8±20.0 | 125.9±21.8 | 128.4±20.9 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean±SD, mm Hg | 71.2±9.8 | 70.7±10.0 | 70.6±10.1 | 69.7±9.6 | 0.07 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 192 (33.5) | 214 (37.3) | 224 (39.0) | 289 (50.4) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease/coronary heart disease, n (%) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (1.0) | 3 (0.5) | 7 (1.2) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 84 (14.6) | 80 (13.9) | 93 (16.2) | 105 (18.3) | 0.18 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Current smoker | 98 (17.1) | 77 (13.4) | 46 (8.0) | 50 (8.7) | |
| Former smoker | 185 (32.2) | 203 (35.4) | 232 (40.4) | 236 (41.1) | |
| Never smoker | 291 (50.7) | 294 (51.2) | 298 (51.8) | 288 (50.2) | |
| Total cholesterol, mean±SD, mg/dL | 195.9±35.1 | 195.9±36.5 | 191.3±32.1 | 185.5±35.7 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean±SD, mg/dL | 117.7±30.9 | 117.0±33.5 | 113.3±30.1 | 108.8±30.9 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean±SD, mg/dL | 51.9±14.6 | 51.1±14.2 | 52.0±15.5 | 50.0±14.4 | 0.07 |
| eGFR, mean±SD, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 84.2±14.5 | 81.1±14.0 | 76.8±14.6 | 72.6±17.8 | <0.001 |
| VCAM‐1, mean±SD, ng/mL | 505.1±62.4 | 643.8±31.4 | 766.7±41.9 | 1031.6±218.4 | <0.001 |
eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; and VCAM‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1.