Table 2.
Association of VCAM‐1 With Incident HF
| Model | Incident HF | Incident HFpEF | Incident HFrEF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Events/No. of Participants | HR per Doubling of VCAM‐1 (95% CI) | P Value | No. of Events/No. of Participants | HR per Doubling of VCAM‐1 (95% CI) | P Value | No. of Events/No. of Participants | HR per Doubling of VCAM‐1 (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Model 1* | 102/2297 | 2.36 (1.45–3.85) | <0.001 | 65/2297 | 2.43 (1.33–4.47) | 0.004 | 37/2297 | 2.17 (0.96–4.92) | 0.06 |
| Model 2† | 102/2297 | 1.94 (1.17–3.23) | 0.01 | 65/2297 | 1.97 (1.04–3.72) | 0.036 | 37/2297 | 1.82 (0.79–4.21) | 0.16 |
HF indicates heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; and VCAM‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1.
Adjusted for age, sex, and race.
†
Adjusted for model 1 variables plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication treatment, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, smoking, total cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.