Figure 3. ORs for risks of specific arrhythmia diseases by the level of exposure to 12‐month PM₁₀ concentration.

A, OR for atrial fibrillation; (B) OR for bradycardia; (C) OR for tachycardia; (D) OR for premature ventricular contraction; (E) OR for premature atrial contraction; (F) OR for RBBB. PM_2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5), PM₁₀ (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10), RBBB (right bundle branch block). The dose‐response curve was calculated using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 5th, 27.5th, 50th, 72.5th, and 95th percentiles of the distribution of 12‐month PM₁₀ concentrations. The reference exposure level was set at the 10^th percentile of the distribution of 12‐month PM₁₀ concentrations (47.7 μg/m³). ORs were adjusted for age (continuous), sex (men or women), study center (Seoul or Suwon), year of visit (continuous), education level (no education, elementary school, middle school, high school, technical college, university, or more), systolic blood pressure (continuous), smoking status (never, current, former), height (continuous), weight (continuous), alcohol consumption (none, moderate, or excessive), physical activity (none, <3 times per week, or ≥3 times per week), and history of diabetes mellitus (yes or no) and history of hypertension (yes or no). OR indicates odds ratio; and RBBB, right bundle branch block.