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. 2020 Dec 9;12(12):2936. doi: 10.3390/polym12122936

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematics of methacryloyl-modification of silk fibroin via glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and photo-crosslinking via lithium acylphosphinate salt (LAP). The illustration shows only one methacryloyl substitution on the amine group for clarity. It is possible to modify the amine group with two methacryloyl substitutions [49]. (b) Gelatin was modified with methacryloyl groups at amine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups in a two-step manner [104]. (c) Three-dimensionally printed brain- and ear-like silk fibroin structures via digital light processing (DLP). Scale bars, 1 cm. Reproduced with permission from Reference [49] under the Creative Commons Attribution License. (d) Three-dimensionally printed planar silk fibroin structures that transform into C-shape as a scaffold for repairing the trachea. Scale bars, 1 cm. Reproduced with permission from Reference [80]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier.