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. 2020 Nov 16;9(23):e017094. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017094

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© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The presence of immunohistochemical markers is appreciated in 6 zones of the vessel wall: intima (I), inner media underlying lesion (M1), middle media (M2), outer media (M3), adventitia (Ad), thin‐walled, venous‐type vasa vasorum (VV thin), and thick‐walled artery‐type vasa vasorum (VV thick). In late fibroatheroma (LFA), the intima is divided in a central cap region (Cap) and shoulder regions (Sh); and in fibrotic calcified plaque (FCP), the neointima (Neo) overlaying the fibrous cap is considered. AIT indicates adaptive intimal thickening; FAP, fibroblast activation protein; FSP, fibroblast‐specific protein; α‐SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin; SM22α, smooth muscle protein 22α; Smemb, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain; SM‐MHC, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain; and Thy1, thymocyte differentiation antigen 1.