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. 2020 Nov 16;9(23):e017094. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017094

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© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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A, Mesenchymal lineage IHC markers. Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of adaptive intimal thickening (AIT) (early), late fibroatheroma (LFA) (progressive), and fibrotic calcified plaque (FCP) (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. B, Generic contractile IHC markers. Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of AIT (early), LFA (progressive), and FCP (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. C, Accessory contractile IHC markers. Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of AIT (early), LFA (progressive), and FCP (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. D, Focal adhesion IHC markers. Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of AIT (early), LFA (progressive), and FCP (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. E, Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) staining (activation markers). Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of AIT (early), LFA (progressive), and FCP (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. F, Prolyl 4‐hydroxylase β (P4HB) staining (synthetic marker). Overview of staining patterns in the selected representative atherosclerotic sections of AIT (early), LFA (progressive), and FCP (end stage). Close ups in LFA and FCP represent cap regions and neointima, respectively. CD indicates cluster of differentiation; FAP, fibroblast activation protein; FSP, fibroblast‐specific protein; α‐SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin; SM22α, smooth muscle protein 22α; Smemb, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain; SM‐MHC, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain; and Thy1, thymocyte differentiation antigen 1.