. 2020 Nov 16;9(23):e017094. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017094

Table 6.

Proposed Marker Set for Comprehensive Inventory of Mesenchymal Cell Populations in Human Vasculature

Phenotype	Function	Pathological Conditions
Generic mesenchymal: FAP⁺/vimentin⁺/CD31⁻/CD45⁻	Contractile, generic^*: αSMA⁺/tropomyosin⁺	Synthetic: P4HB⁺	Proinflammatory: IL‐6⁺/IL‐8⁺	EndoMT/stem cells: CD34⁺ ^† CD31⁺
Noncontractile: αSMA⁻/tropomyosin⁻	LeucoMT: CD45⁺

Phenotype

Function

Pathological Conditions

Generic mesenchymal: FAP⁺/vimentin⁺/CD31⁻/CD45⁻

Contractile, generic^*: αSMA⁺/tropomyosin⁺

Synthetic:

P4HB⁺

Proinflammatory: IL‐6⁺/IL‐8⁺

EndoMT/stem cells: CD34⁺ ^† CD31⁺

Noncontractile: αSMA⁻/tropomyosin⁻

LeucoMT: CD45⁺

Construction scheme of proposed mesenchymal marker set selection. Suggestions for well‐working antibodies are provided in Table 1. To acquire ≈99% inclusivity for mesenchymal cells, a dual‐marker set of vimentin⁺/FAP⁺ (possibly as costaining, stained by the same chromogen) is needed. Likewise, for contractile mesenchymal cells, the dual‐marker set αSMA/Tropomyosin reaches ≈99% inclusivity. CD indicates cluster of differentiation; EndoMT, Endothelial‐to‐Mesenchymal cell Transition; FAP, fibroblast activation protein; IL‐6, interleukin 6; IL‐8, interleukin 8; LeucoMT, Leuccyte‐to‐Mesenchymal cell Transition; P4HB, prolyl 4‐hydroxylase β; and αSMA, α‐smooth muscle actin.

For a list of accessory contractile and focal adhesion markers, see Table 3.

OR,/ AND.