Table 3.
Results of Linear Mixed Model analyses for all outcome measures (n = 53 at baseline).
| Estimated Mean Difference * (95% CI); p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 2 months (n = 43) | At 4 months (n = 37) | At 10 months (n = 22) | At 12 months (n = 22) | |
| FDI | −9.96 (−15.39 to −4.53); 0.000 | −9.16 (−14.79 to −3.52); 0.002 | −10.09 (−17.17 to −3.01); 0.006 | −8.81 (−15.59 to −2.044); 0.011 |
| FOPQ | −3.61 (−12.60 to 5.37); 0.427 | −8.00 (−17.26 to 1.26); 0.090 | −6.43 (−18.16 to 5.31); 0.280 | −8.08 (−19.21 to 3.044); 0.153 |
| PHODA-Youth | −82.19 (−131.06 to −33.32); 0.001 | −108.62 (−159.21 to −58.03); 0.000 | −134.32 (−203.17 to −65.46); 0.000 | −96.12 (−157.63 to −34.61); 0.002 |
| PCS-C | −5.86 (−11.42 to −0.30); 0.039 | −4.96 (−10.75 to 0.83); 0.092 | −4.89 (−12.15 to 2.37); 0.185 | −5.58 (−12.46 to 1.31); 0.112 |
| CDI | −1.57 (−5.04 to 1.90); 0.371 | −1.14 (−4.72 to 2.44); 0.530 | −6.16 (−10.70 to −1.62); 0.008 | −3.27 (−7.57 to 1.03); 0.135 |
| Pain intensity | −11.80 (−24.70 to 1.10); 0.073 | −14.88 (−28.08 to −1.67); 0.028 | −21.94 (−39.76 to −4.13); 0.016 | −10.74 (−26.79 to 5.30); 0.187 |
| QLA − Psychological Functioning | 5.55 (0.15 to 10.95); 0.044 | 3.90 (−1.71 to 9.51); 0.171 | 7.58 (0.49 to 14.66); 0.036 | 4.94 (−1.79 to 11.68); 0.149 |
| QLA − Functional Status | 3.96 (1.12 to 6.80); 0.007 | 3.63 (0.68 to 6.58); 0.016 | 3.71 (−0.01 to 7.43); 0.051 | 3.52 (−0.01 to 7.06); 0.051 |
| QLA − Physical Status | 0.62 (−1.51 to 2.75); 0.567 | 0.66 (−1.56 to 2.87); 0.559 | 0.77 (−2.01 to 3.55); 0.585 | 1.02 (−1.64 to 3.68); 0.448 |
| QLA − Social Functioning | −0.25 (−4.55 to 4.05); 0.909 | 2.88 (−1.30 to 7.07); 0.176 | 2.74 (−2.85 to 8.33); 0.334 | 1.97 (−3.37 to 7.31); 0.467 |
Note. * corrected for baseline, center, age and sex (Random Intercept model). p-value in italics = statistically significant ≤ 0.05. FDI (Functional Disability Index) = functional disability; FOPQ (Fear of Pain Questionnaire) = pain-related fear; PHODA-Youth (Photograph Series of Daily Activities-Youth) = perceived harmfulness; PCS-C (Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child version) = pain catastrophizing; CDI (Child Depression Inventory) = depressive symptoms; QLA-CP (Quality of Life in Adolescent with Chronic Pain).