Effect of HMDP and HMPH on oral glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The difference between the HFC and LFC groups was analyzed using repeated measures t-test. The treatment effect was analyzed using repeated measures 1-way ANOVA, and differences among the HFC, HMDP70 and HMPH70 groups were determined using the least-squares means test. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 9–12). (A) The results of an oral glucose tolerance test conducted during week 5 of the treatment. (B) The results of an oral glucose tolerance test conducted during week 9 of the treatment. The significance level was set to 0.05. ¥
p < 0.001, ξ
p < 0.0001 compared to LFC. a,b Among the HFC, HMDP70 and HMPH70 groups, values bearing different superscripts differ, p < 0.05. LFC, low-fat control diet; HFC, high-fat control diet; HMDP70, HFC diet with 70% of casein protein being replaced with the same amount of protein derived from herring milt dry powder; HMPH70, HFC diet with 70% of casein protein being substituted with the equivalent amount of protein from herring milt protein hydrolysate.