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. 2020 Dec 13;8(12):602. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8120602

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proliferation effects of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) in human prostate cancer cell lines. (A) Monitoring of the proliferative effects of the IL1RN in several human prostate cell lines. Three prostate cancer cell lines (C4-2, DU145, and PC3) and one normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) were treated with different concentration of the IL1RN for 3 days. (B) Monitoring of the antiproliferative effects of IL-1β (IL1β). Cells (LNCaP and C4-2) were treated with different concentrations of IL1β for different periods (3 d, 3 days; 4 d, 4 days). (C) Proliferation assay using the LNCaP cell line in combination of the IL1RN and IL1β. Two sets of cells were treated with a dosage range of IL1RN (0~50 ng/mL) in combination with two fixed concentrations of IL1β (0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL). (D) Androgen-induced recruitment of the androgen receptor (AR) to the genomic location of the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL1R1). Three sets of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays (LNCaP, LNCaP-SRC, and VCaP) in response to androgen (dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or R1881) were summarized using the UCSC Genome Browser. The GEO accession numbers are included in parentheses. The detected locations by ChIP were labeled with black bars; n/d, not detected. (E) IL1R1 protein levels in response to an AR inhibitor and agonist. Human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2) were treated with MDV3100 (MDV) or DHT followed by a Western blot analysis. FBS, culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum; CSM, medium with 10% charcoal-stripped serum. (F) A working model depicts the recruitment of cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b)-deficient tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs/CD11b⁻) by tumor-associated proinflammatory chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)). TILs/CD11b⁻ cells secrete the IL1RN, which suppresses the antiproliferative effects of the inflammatory signals (e.g., IL1β) and promotes tumor progression (e.g., proliferation) of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Proliferation effects of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) in human prostate cancer cell lines. (A) Monitoring of the proliferative effects of the IL1RN in several human prostate cell lines. Three prostate cancer cell lines (C4-2, DU145, and PC3) and one normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) were treated with different concentration of the IL1RN for 3 days. (B) Monitoring of the antiproliferative effects of IL-1β (IL1β). Cells (LNCaP and C4-2) were treated with different concentrations of IL1β for different periods (3 d, 3 days; 4 d, 4 days). (C) Proliferation assay using the LNCaP cell line in combination of the IL1RN and IL1β. Two sets of cells were treated with a dosage range of IL1RN (0~50 ng/mL) in combination with two fixed concentrations of IL1β (0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL). (D) Androgen-induced recruitment of the androgen receptor (AR) to the genomic location of the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL1R1). Three sets of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays (LNCaP, LNCaP-SRC, and VCaP) in response to androgen (dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or R1881) were summarized using the UCSC Genome Browser. The GEO accession numbers are included in parentheses. The detected locations by ChIP were labeled with black bars; n/d, not detected. (E) IL1R1 protein levels in response to an AR inhibitor and agonist. Human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2) were treated with MDV3100 (MDV) or DHT followed by a Western blot analysis. FBS, culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum; CSM, medium with 10% charcoal-stripped serum. (F) A working model depicts the recruitment of cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b)-deficient tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs/CD11b⁻) by tumor-associated proinflammatory chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)). TILs/CD11b⁻ cells secrete the IL1RN, which suppresses the antiproliferative effects of the inflammatory signals (e.g., IL1β) and promotes tumor progression (e.g., proliferation) of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.