NO	nitric Oxide
NOS	nitric oxide synthase
nNOS	neuronal nitric oxide synthase
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
EDRF	endothelium-derived relaxing factor
NO2-	nitrate
NO3-	nitrite
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH
O2	oxygen
N2O3	nitrous anhydride
NO−	nitroxyl anion
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
PDE	phosphodiesterase
GC	guanylate cyclase
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
PKG	protein kinase G
PKA	protein kinase A
CNG	cyclic nucleotide gated
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells
ROH	alcohols
RSH	thiols
RR’NH	amines
RO-NO	nitrite/nitrate
RSNO	S-nitrosothiols
RR’N-NO	N-nitroso amines
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
CREB	CRE-binding protein
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
NTCP	Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide
GSH	glutathione
MDA	malondialdehyde
Fpg	protein formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase
DDR	DNA damage repair
NER	nucleotide excision repair
BER	base excision repair
MMR	mismatch repair
NHEJ	non-homologous end-joining
HDR	homology directed repair
FA	Fanconi anaemia
XP	Xeroderma pigmentosum
CS	Cockayne syndrome
TTD	trichothiodystrophy
AP	apurinic/apyrimidinic
Xan	xanthine
IDLs	insertion, deletion loops
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
RFC	replication factor C
EXO1	exonuclease
DSB	double strand breaks
Ku	Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer
DNA-PK	DNA-dependent protein kinase
SCID	severe combined immunodeficiency
MRN	MRE11-RAD50-NBS1
DNA2	dual endonuclease
D-loop	displacement loop
HR	homologous repair
DSBR	double strand break repair
SDSA	synthesis-dependent strand annealing
BIR	break induced replication
ATM	ataxia telangiectasa mutated
ATR	ATM and Rad3 related proteins
53BP1	p53 binding protein1
TopBP1	topoisomerase binding protein1
MDC1	mediator of DNA damage checkpoint1
FADD	fas-associated death domain protein
TRADD	TNF-related death domain protein
PTP	permeability transition pore
AIF	apoptosis inducing factor
Apaf1	adapter protein apoptotic protease activating factor
Hsp 70	heat shock protein 70
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
ERK1/2	extracellular regulated kinases
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
TSP1	thrombospondin-1
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
PGE1	prostaglandin E1
SNP	sodium nitroprusside
RKIP	Raf kinase inhibitor protein
NDRG1	N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1
Shh	sonic hedgehog
ECM	extracellular matrix
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
TIMP	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
PKC	protein Kinase C
ARG1	arginase 1
TILs	tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
GTN	glyceryltrinitrate
ISDN	isosorbidedinitrate
RSNO	S-nitrosothiols
SNAP	S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine
GSNO	S-nitrosoglutathione
SIN-1	3-morpholinosydnonimine
OONO-	peroxynitrite