The roles of AQPs in the growth of roots, shoots, hypocotyls and leaves in plants. (a) Roles of AQPs in growth of primary roots, adventitious roots and nodal roots; (b) effects of PIPs and TIPs on lateral root formation. The expression or localization of AtPIP2;1, AtTIP1;1, AtTIP1;2 and AtTIP2;1 is shown in color; (c) roles of AQPs in shoot growth and hypocotyl elongation; (d) actions of AQPs in leaf growth. Thick up arrows represent the increase in Lpr, the thin arrows show positive regulation, and bars show negative regulation. GAs: gibberellins; Lpr: root hydraulic conductivity; LRP: lateral root primordium; RG-II: rhamnogalacturonan II; TLS1: maize tassel-less1.