Table 1.
The roles of AQPs in the growth of vegetative organs.
| Organs | Transgenic Plants or Mutants | Receptors or Studied Plants | Phenotypes | AQP Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seeds | K: OsPIP1;3 | O. sativa | Reduced seed germination | Water transport | [29] |
| O: OsPIP1;1 | O. sativa | Enhanced seed germination rate | Water permeability | [35] | |
| Roots | K: AtPIP1b | A. thaliana | Abundant roots | Water transport | [40] |
| O: VfPIP1 | A. thaliana | Increased growth of primary and LRs | - | [41] | |
| O: ScPIP1 | A. thaliana | Promoted primary root growth | - | [42] | |
| O: TdPIP2;1 | T. turgidum | Increased root length | - | [43] | |
| O: PgTIP1 | A. thaliana | Increased primary root length | Water transport | [44] | |
| O: AtPIP2;1 | A. thaliana | Delayed LR emergence | Water transport | [45] | |
| M: attip2;1 | A. thaliana | Delayed LR emergence and delayed LRP development | Water transport | [45,46] | |
| M: attip1;1 | A. thaliana | Increased root growth at early seedling stage and delayed LRP development | - | [46] | |
| M: attip1;2 | A. thaliana | Delayed LRP development | - | [46] | |
| M: attip1;2/2;1 | A. thaliana | Delayed LRP development | - | [46] | |
| M: attip1;1/1;2/2;1 | A. thaliana | Reduced root growth, fewer LRs and decreased LR emergence | - | [46] | |
| O: OsPIP1;2 | O. sativa | Increased root length | CO2 transport | [47] | |
| R: OsPIP2;1 | O. sativa | Decreased root length, surface area, root volume and root tip number | Water transport | [48] | |
| M: tls1 | Z. mays | Decreased length of nodal roots | Boric acid transport | [49] | |
| Shoots/Stems/Hypocotyls | O: AtPIP1b | N. tabacum | Increased length and number of shoot internodes and stem diameter | - | [50] |
| R: BnPIP1 | N. tabacum | Thicker and shorter stems | - | [51] | |
| O: RsPIP2;1 | E. grandis and ×E. urophylla | Increased shoot growth | - | [52] | |
| O: RsPIP1;1 (Downregulation of EcPIP1 and EcPIP2) | E. grandis× E. urophylla | Decreased shoot growth | Suppression of the endogenous expression of EcPIP1 and EcPIP2 | [52] | |
| O: OsPIP1;3 | N. benthamiana | Increased shoot growth | Water transport | [53] | |
| O: AtTIP5;1 | A. thaliana | Increased hypocotyl cell elongation | - | [54,55] | |
| M: tls1 | Z. mays | Decreased shoot elongation | Boric acid transport | [49] | |
| O: SiPIP1;5A | S. lycopersicum | Decreased shoot elongation | - | [56] | |
| Leaves | R: BnPIP1 | N. tabacum | Deformed leaves and leaf veins | - | [51] |
| O: VfPIP1 | A. thaliana | Larger leaves | - | [41] | |
| O: TdPIP2;1 | T. turgidum | Enhanced leaf growth | - | [43] | |
| O: PgTIP1 | A. thaliana | Increased size of leaf mesophyll cells | Water transport | [44] | |
| O: CsTIP2;1 | N. tabacum | Increased leaf growth | - | [57] | |
| O: NtAQP1 | A. thaliana | Increased leaf area and number | CO2 permeability | [58] | |
| O: McMIPB | N. tabacum | Enhanced leaf growth | CO2 diffusion | [59] | |
| M: tls1 | Z. mays | Decreased leaf size and number | Boric acid transport | [49] |
K: knockdown plants; LRs: lateral roots; LRP: lateral root primordium; M: mutants; O: overexpressors; R: RNAi plants; tls1: maize tassel-less1; -: no mentioned transport activity.