Table 2.
Variables included in the final tools.
| Tool (Study, Year) | Demographics | Personal/Family History | Symptoms | Test Results | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Other | PMH | FH | Abdo. Pain | Pelvic Pain | Increase Abdo. Size/Distens. | Bloat. | Appetite Loss | Feeling Full | Difficulty Eating | Weight Loss | Postmen. Bleeding | Rectal Bleeding | Palpable Abdo. Mass/lump | Urinary Freq. | Other | Hb | CA125 | HE4 | |
| Symptom checklists | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Goff SI (Goff, 2007) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
| Modified Goff SI 1 (Kim, 2009) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Urinary urgency | ||||||||||||
| Lurie 7-SI (Lurie, 2009 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Bowel symptoms, difficulty emptying bladder, dysuria, fatigue, abnormal vaginal bleed. | ||||||||||||
| Lurie 5-SI (Lurie, 2009) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Difficulty emptying bladder, dysuria, abnormal vaginal bleed. | ||||||||||||||
| Lurie 4-SI (Lurie, 2009) | ● | ● | ● | ● | Abnormal vaginal bleed. | |||||||||||||||
| Lurie 3-SI (Lurie, 2009) | ● | ● | Abnormal vaginal bleed. | |||||||||||||||||
| Hamilton SI (Hamilton, 2009) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
| SGO consensus criteria * (Rossing, 2010) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Urinary urgency | ||||||||||||||
| Lim SI 1 (Lim, 2012) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
| Lim SI 2 (Lim, 2012) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Vaginal discharge | ||||||||||||||
| Hippisley-Cox SI (Hippisley-Cox, 2012) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
| Modified Goff SI 2 (Shetty, 2015) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Urinary urgency | ||||||||||
| Augmented symptom checklists | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Goff SI + CA125 (Andersen, 2008) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
| Goff SI + HE4 (Andersen, 2010) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
| Goff SI + HE4 + CA125 (Andersen, 2010) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
| Goff SI + CA125 + menopause (Macuks, 2011) | Menopause | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
| Prediction models | ||||||||||||||||||||
| QCancer Ovarian (Hippisley-Cox, 2012) | ● | OC | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
| QCancer Female (Hippisley-Cox, 2013) | ● | Townsend score, smoking, alcohol, BMI | T2DM, COPD, endomet. hyperplasia or polyp, chronic pancreatitis | OC, GI cancer, breast cancer | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | Difficulty swallowing, heartburn/indigestion, blood in urine, blood in vomit, blood when cough, irregular menstrual bleeding, vaginal bleeding after sex, breast lump, breast skin tethering or nipple discharge, breast pain, lump in neck, night sweats, venous thromboembolism, CIBH, constipation, cough, unexplained bruising | ● | ||||||||
| OC Score A (Grewal, 2013) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
| OC Score B (Grewal, 2013) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
| OC Score C (Grewal, 2013) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
* Consensus statement released by the Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists (SGO), the Gynaecologic Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society. The presence of a variable within a model is denoted by “●”. The terms used to describe a given symptom varied subtly between studies—full details of each tool, including symptom terminology and duration and frequency criteria, are included in Supplementary Material Table S3. Abbreviations: PMH = past medical history; FH = family history; Abdo. = abdominal; Distens. = distension; Bloat. = bloating; Postmen. = postmenopausal; bleed. = bleeding; Freq. = frequency; Hb = haemoglobin; CA125 = cancer antigen 125; HE4 = human epididymis protein 4; SI = symptom index; OC = ovarian cancer; BMI = body mass index; endomet. = endometrial; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellites; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI = gastrointestinal; CIBH = change in bowel habit.