Table 1.

Descriptive statistics.

Time	Variables	Range	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Cronbach’s Alpha
T1	Paternal concerted cultivation	1–6	2.30	0.95	0.74	0.40	0.90
	Paternal academic involvement	1–6	2.73	1.19	0.42	−0.53	0.88
	Paternal provision of structured activities	1–6	1.88	0.93	1.28	1.78	0.85
	Maternal concerted cultivation	1–6	3.07	1.06	0.16	−0.35	0.89
	Maternal academic involvement	1–6	3.63	1.28	-0.13	−0.64	0.87
	Maternal provision of structured activities	1–6	2.51	1.11	0.64	0.02	0.83
	Father-child conflict	1–6	2.74	1.38	0.58	−0.40	0.89
	Mother-child conflict	1–6	3.00	1.40	0.34	−0.66	0.90
	Adolescent psychopathology	1–4	2.10	0.46	0.35	0.23	0.80
	Anxiety	1–4	2.20	0.54	0.28	0.16	0.75
	Depression	1–4	2.01	0.54	0.42	0.04	0.69
T2	Father-child conflict	1–6	2.90	1.37	0.43	−0.55	0.91
	Mother-child conflict	1–6	3.16	1.34	0.25	−0.57	0.90
	Adolescent psychopathology	1–4	2.10	0.46	0.35	0.24	0.81
	Anxiety	1–4	2.18	0.54	0.34	0.26	0.76
	Depression	1–4	2.03	0.51	0.45	−0.01	0.67