Table 3.
Clinical remission rates in children with Crohn’s Disease (CD) treated with Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN).
| Reference (Year of Publication) (Ref) |
N | Formula | T | Remission Criteria | R a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morin (1980) [15] | 4 | E | 6 | CDAI < 150 | 100% |
| Sanderson (1987) [68] | 8 | E | 6 | Improvement of LSI | 88% |
| Seidman (1991) [69] | 10 | E | 3 | CDAI < 150 | 80% |
| Seidman (1993) [70] | 24 | SE | 4 | CDAI < 150 | 86% |
| Thomas (1993) [71] | 12 | E | 4 | Improvement of LSI | 100% |
| Beattie (1994) [72] | 7 | P | 8 | Improvement of LSI | 100% |
| Ruuska (1994) [73] | 10 | P | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 90% |
| Akobeng (2000) [74] | 16 | P | 4 | PCDAI < 10 | 50% |
| Fell (2000) [75] | 29 | P | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 79% |
| Phylactos (2001) [76] | 14 | P | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 93% |
| Terrin (2002) [77] | 10 | SE | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 90% |
| Ludvigsson (2004) [78] | 17 | P | 6 | PCDAI < 10 or decrease 45% or 15 points from baseline | 82% |
| 16 | E | 6 | 69% | ||
| Afzal (2005) [79] | 26 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 20 | 88% |
| Knight (2005) [80] | 40 | E | 6 | CDAI | 90% |
| 4 | P | ||||
| Day (2006) [81] | 27 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI ≤15 | 70% |
| Borrelli (2006) [18] | 19 | P | 10 | PCDAI ≤10 | 79% |
| Johnson (2006) [82] | 24 | E | 6 | PCDAI < 10 | 41% |
| Berni Canani (2006) [83] | 12 | E | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 87% |
| 13 | SE | ||||
| 12 | P | ||||
| Rodrigues (2007) [84] | 53 | E | 6 | Not specified b | 64% |
| 45 | P | 44% | |||
| Buchanan (2009) [85] | 110 | P/E | 8 | Clinical and biochemical response | 80% |
| Whitten (2010) [86] | 23 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 15 | 69% |
| Rubio (2011) [65] | 106 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 81% |
| Grogan (2012) [87] | 20 | E | 6 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 70% |
| 21 | P | 71% | |||
| Lambert (2012) [88] | 31 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI < 15 | 84% |
| de Bie (2013) [89] | 77 | P | 6 | Clinical response | 53% |
| Soo (2013) [90] | 36 | P/SE | 6 | PCDAI ≤10 | 89% |
| Cameron (2013) [17] | 109 | P/E | 8 | PCDAI ≤10 | 60% |
| Frivolt (2014) [16] | 40 | P/E | 6–8 | wPCDAI < 12.5 | 95% |
| Levine (2014) [91] | 43 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI < 10 | 72% |
| Grover (2014) [19] | 28 | P | 6 | PCDAI < 10 | 79% |
| Hojsak (2014) [23] | 57 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI < 10 | 84% |
| Lee (2015) [92] | 22 | P/E | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 59% |
| Luo (2015) [93] | 13 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 69% |
| Navas (2015) [94] | 50 | P | 6–8 | wPCDAI < 12.5 | 84% |
| Kim (2016) [95] | 66 | E | 6 | PCDAI < 10 | 88% |
| Connors (2017) [20] | 76 | P | 8–16 | PCDAI < 7.5 | 87% |
| Lafferty (2017) [96] | 28 | P/E | 6–8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 85% |
| Luo (2017) [97] | 13 | P | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 83% |
| Cohen–Dolev (2018) [98] | 60 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI < 10 | 63% |
| Pigneur (2019) [99] | 13 | P | 8 | Harvey-Bradshaw | 100% |
| Levine (2019) [100] | 34 | P | 6 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 59% |
| Logan (2019) [101] | 66 | P | 8 | wPCDAI < 12.5 | 62% |
| Kang (2019) [102] | 19 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 65% |
| Rolandsdotter (2019) [103] | 13 | P | 6 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 77% |
| Chan (2020) [95] | 13 | P | 8 | PCDAI < 10 | 69% |
| Scarpato (2020) [104] | 47 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 68% |
| Hart (2020) [105] | 16 | SE | 8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 93% |
| Hojsak (2020) [106] | 92 | P | 6–8 | PCDAI ≤ 10 | 77% |
| Moriczi (2020) [107] | 222 | P | 6–8 | wPCDAI < 12.5 | 83% |
| Total | 2016 | IC (95%) | 75.7% (73.8–77.5) |
CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity index; E: elemental; LSI: Lloyd-Still index; N: number of patients included in the study; P: polymeric; PCDAI, pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index; A: patients reaching remission; SE: semi-elemental; T: time in weeks; wPCDAI: Pediatric Crohn’s disease activity weighted index. a Intention-to-treat analysis. b Information obtained from the author.