. 2020 Dec 11;10(12):2380. doi: 10.3390/ani10122380

Table 6.

Effect of C₁₈ fatty acid source in the supplementary concentrate and measurement period on rumen fermentation parameters of lactating dairy cows offered a pasture based diet (least square means ± SEM).

Items	Treatment ¹				Measurement Period ²			p-Value
Items	SA	SO	LO	SEM	1	2	SEM	Treatment	MP	Treatment x MP
Total VFA ³, mmol/L	104 ^a	97 ^a,b	93 ^b	3.1	94	102	2.5	0.04	0.03	0.65
Individual VFA proportions in total VFA
Acetic acid	0.67	0.68	0.67	0.003	0.67	0.67	0.003	0.14	0.62	0.43
Propionic acid	0.18	0.17	0.18	0.003	0.18	0.17	0.002	0.13	0.21	0.93
Iso-butyric acid	0.0071	0.0069	0.0078	0.00033	0.0066	0.0081	0.00027	0.11	<0.001	0.58
Butyric acid	0.1300 ^a	0.1242 ^b	0.1215 ^b	0.00185	0.1254	0.1251	0.00150	0.006	0.68	0.04
Iso-valeric acid	0.0086 ^a,b	0.0077 ^a	0.0093 ^b	0.00036	0.0080	0.0091	0.00030	0.01	0.01	0.98
Valeric acid	0.0092	0.0095	0.0097	0.00022	0.095	0.0094	0.00021	0. 40	0.81	0.88
Acetic:propionic	3.81	3.98	3.77	0.079	3.82	3.89	0.065	0.14	0.49	0.67
NH₃ ⁴, mg/L	55.0 ^a	40.1 ^a,b	32.6 ^b	4.41	25.	60.0	3.48	0.002	<0.001	0.12

¹ SA = supplementary concentrate containing 16% FW stearic acid; SO = supplementary concentrate containing 16% FW soy oil; LO = supplementary concentrate containing 16% FW linseed oil; ² MP = measurement period, MP 1 corresponds to 17 to 22 d post treatment introduction and MP 2 corresponds to 44 to 49 d after treatment introduction; ³ VFA = volatile fatty acids; ⁴ NH₃ = ammonia. ^a,b Means within rows differ significantly.