Figure 1.

The chronic inflammation of the intestines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused by various factors including environmental triggers that can be classified into five major causes: (1) poor basic hygiene, (2) unbalanced dietary intake, (3) lack of physical exercise, (4) increased smoking (in the case of Crohn’s disease), and (5) stress. The internal factors include (6) gut microbiota dysbiosis in the intestine and (7) unpredictable genetic modification. Image developed using Biorender.com.