Table 1.
Registered clinical trials targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with cancer metastases.
| Tested Drug | NCT Number | Title | Status | Conditions | Phases | Enrollment | Start Date | Completion Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 pathway | ||||||||
| IL-6 | ||||||||
| Siltuximab, anti-IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody | NCT00433446 | S0354, Anti-IL-6 Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer That Did Not Respond to Hormone Therapy | Completed | Metastatic Prostate Cancer | Phase 2 | 62 | 2007 | 2011 |
| NCT00385827 | A Safety and Efficacy Study of Siltuximab (CNTO 328) in Male Subjects with Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (HRPC) | Terminated | Metastatic Prostate Cancer | Phase 2 | 106 | 2017 | 2021 | |
| NCT04191421 | Siltuximab and Spartalizumab in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer | Recruiting | Metastatic Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer | Phase 1|Phase 2 | 42 | 2020 | 2022 | |
| Tocilizumab, humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor | NCT03135171 | Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Combination with Tocilizumab in Subjects with Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Resistant to Trastuzumab | Recruiting | HER2+ Breast Cancer | Phase 1 | 20 | 2017 | 2021 |
| JAK | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib, JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor | NCT00638378 | Study of Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) Administered Orally to Patients with Androgen-Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer | Terminated | Prostate Cancer | Phase 2 | 22 | 2008 | 2009 |
| NCT01594216 | Ruxolitinib in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer | Completed | Estrogen Receptor-Positive Invasive Metastatic Breast Cancer | Phase 2 | 29 | 2012 | 2016 | |
| NCT02120417 | A Study of Ruxolitinib in Combination with Capecitabine in Subjects with Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Negative Breast Cancer | Terminated | Breast Cancer | Phase 2 | 149 | 2014 | 2017 | |
| NCT02041429 | Ruxolitinib W/Preop Chemo for Triple-Negative Inflammatory Breast cancer | Active, not recruiting | Recurrent Breast Cancer| Metastatic Breast Cancer | Phase 1|Phase 2 | 24 | 2014 | 2021 | |
| NCT02066532 | Ruxolitinib in Combination with Trastuzumab in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer | Active, not recruiting | Metastatic Breast Cancer|HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer | Phase 1|Phase 2 | 28 | 2014 | 2020 | |
| NCT03012230 | Pembrolizumab and Ruxolitinib Phosphate in Treating Patients with Metastatic Stage IV Triple-Negative Breast Cancer | Recruiting | Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Bone Stage IV Breast Cancer|Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma | Phase 1 | 18 | 2017 | 2021 | |
| NCT02876302 | Study of Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) With Preoperative Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Recruiting | Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Phase 2 | 64 | 2017 | 2024 | |
| Itacitinib, JAK1 inhibitor | NCT03670069 | Itacitinib in Treating Patients with Refractory Metastatic/Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas | Recruiting | Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma|Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma | Phase 1 | 28 | 2019 | 2022 |
| STAT | ||||||||
| BBI608, STAT3 inhibitor | NCT03522649 | A Phase III Clinical Study of Napabucasin (GB201) Plus FOLFIRI in Adult Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | Recruiting | Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | Phase 3 | 668 | 2018 | 2021 |
| NCT03647839 | Modulation of The Tumor Microenvironment Using Either Vascular Disrupting Agents or STAT3 Inhibition in Order to Synergize With PD1 Inhibition in Microsatellite-Stable, Refractory Colorectal Cancer Patients | Active, not recruiting | Colorectal Cancer Metastatic | Phase 2 | 90 | 2018 | 2022 | |
| WP1066, JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor | NCT01904123 | STAT3 Inhibitor WP1066 in Treating Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma or Progressive Metastatic Melanoma in the Brain | Recruiting | Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain| Metastatic Melanoma | Phase 1 | 33 | 2018 | 2021 |
| NCT04334863 | AflacST1901: Peds WP1066 | Recruiting | Brain Tumor|Medulloblastoma|BrainMetastases | Phase 1 | 36 | 2020 | 2023 | |
| IL-1 | ||||||||
| Canakinumab, human anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody | NCT03631199 | Study of Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Plus Platinum-based Doublet Chemotherapy with or without Canakinumab in Previously Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous and Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Subjects | Active, not recruiting | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | Phase 3 | 673 | 2018 | 2022 |
| NCT04581343 | A Phase 1B Study of Canakinumab, Spartalizumab, Nab-Paclitaxel, and Gemcitabine in Metastatic PC Patients | Recruiting | Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Phase 1 | 10 | 2020 | 2022 | |
| Anakinra, human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist | NCT00072111 | Anakinra in Treating Patients with Metastatic Cancer Expressing the Interleukin-1 Gene | Completed | Metastatic Cancer | Phase 1 | 2003 | 2015 | |
| NCT02090101 | Study Evaluating the Influence of LV5FU2 Bevacizumab Plus Anakinra Association on Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | Completed | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | Phase 2 | 32 | 2014 | 2017 | |
| NCT01802970 | Safety and Blood Immune Cell Study of Anakinra Plus Physician’s Chemotherapy Choice in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients | Completed | Metastatic Breast Cancer | Phase 1 | 10 | 2012 | 2017 | |
| NCT01624766 | Everolimus and Anakinra or Denosumab in Treating Participants with Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Cancers | Active, not recruiting | Advanced Malignant Neoplasm|Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm|Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm|Refractory Malignant Neoplasm | Phase 1 | 57 | 2012 | 2020 | |
| CCL2 | ||||||||
| Carlumab | NCT00992186 | A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Single-Agent Carlumab (an Anti-Chemokine Ligand 2 [CCL2]) in Participants with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer | Completed | Prostate cancer | Phase 2 | 46 | 2009 | 2011 |
| CSF | ||||||||
| SNDX-6352, CSF receptor inhibitor | NCT03238027 | A Phase 1 Study to Investigate SNDX-6352 Alone or in Combination With Durvalumab in Patients With Solid Tumors | Active, not recruiting | Solid Tumor|Metastatic Tumor | Phase 1 | 45 | 2017 | 2021 |
| SDF-1 | ||||||||
| Olaptesed, binding to SDF-1 | NCT03168139 | Olaptesed (NOX-A12) Alone and in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer Patients | Completed | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer|Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer | Phase 1|Phase 2 | 20 | 2017 | 2020 |
| MIF | ||||||||
| Anti-MIF antibody | NCT01765790 | Phase 1 Study of Anti-Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Anti-MIF) Antibody in Solid Tumors | Completed | Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Colon or Rectum | Phase 1 | 68 | 2012 | 2016 |