Table A1.
Percent change in plasma fluoride by demographic characteristics and modifiable sources of fluoride consumption among 6–19-year-old National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2013–2016.
| Percent Change (95% CI) in Plasma Fluoride | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted for Demographics, Fluoridated Tap Water Consumption, and Green/Black Tea Consumption 1 |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Age categories | ||
| 6 to <9 years | Reference | Reference |
| 9 to <12 years | −5.1% (−11.5, 1.8) | −7.7% (−14.4, 0.6) |
| 12 to <15 years | −13.3% (−18.0, −8.3) | −16.9% (−21.4, −12.2) |
| 15 to <19 years | −7.9% (−15.0, −0.2) | −11.5% (−16.8, −5.8) |
| Sex | ||
| Girls | Reference | Reference |
| Boys | 5.8% (1.6, 10.1) | 5.1% (1.2, 9.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | Reference | Reference |
| Hispanic | −12.3% (−22.1, −1.4) | −10.3% (−19.6, −0.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | −4.0% (−14.5, 7.7) | −2.3% (−12.4, 9.0) |
| Asian | −10.8% (−22.4, 2.5) | −11.2% (−22.3, 1.4) |
| Other | −8.3% (−18.4, 3.1) | −9.4% (−19.9, 2.3) |
| Income to poverty ratio, FPL, % | ||
| <100 | Reference | Reference |
| 100 to <200 | 2.9% (−3.3, 9.4) | 1.4% (−3.9, 6.9) |
| ≥200 | 3.9% (−5.3, 14.0) | −0.8% (−8.2, 7.3) |
| Drinking Water Characteristics | ||
| Tap water source | ||
| Don’t drink tap water | Reference | Reference |
| Community supply | 8.4% (−1.1, 18.8) | 1.8% (−6.1, 10.3) |
| Well/cistern | 10.3% (−7.0, 30.9) | 4.1% (−11.0, 21.8) |
| Don’t know | 1.7% (−11.3, 16.8) | −6.0% (−17.8, 7.6) |
| Spring | −8.2% (−30.1, 20.6) | −8.8% (−31.4, 21.4) |
| Recent consumption of fluoridated home tap water (≥0.7 mg/L) | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 34.8% (22.0, 49.0) | 35.5% (22.0, 50.5) |
| Recent Diet | ||
| Green/black tea | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | 37.7% (22.1, 55.2) | 41.7% (26.7, 58.4) |
| Other tea | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | 0.5% (−22.7, 30.7) | 6.4% (−18.2, 38.4) |
| Fruit juice | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | −0.1% (−6.1, 6.3) | 0.6% (−4.4, 6.0) |
| Grapes/raisins | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | 7.9% (−1.7, 18.4) | 4.1% (−3.5, 12.3) |
| Shellfish | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | −2.9% (−11.4, 6.3) | 3.2% (−5.9, 13.2) |
| Coffee beverages | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | 4.8% (−6.7, 17.7) | 7.8% (−3.2, 20.0) |
| Chicken nuggets, tenders, and patties | ||
| No consumption | Reference | Reference |
| Any consumption | 4.4% (−3.2, 12.7) | 5.1% (−2.3, 13.0) |
| Oral Health | ||
| Recent dentist visit (<6 months) | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.0% (−5.5, 7.9) | −0.7% (−6.5, 5.5) |
| Amount of toothpaste used | ||
| Smear | Reference | Reference |
| Pea size | −2.5% (−14.9, 11.7) | 0.0% (−12.6, 14.4) |
| Half load | −4.5% (−16.2, 8.8) | −1.3% (−12.4, 11.1) |
| Full load | −4.6% (−17.2, 9.9) | −0.7% (−13.7, 14.1) |
| Frequency of tooth brushing, times per day | ||
| 1 | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | −1.4% (−6.5, 4.0) | 1.3% (−3.6, 6.4) |
| 3 | 3.0% (−8.0, 15.2) | 9.1% (0.0, 18.9) |
| ≥4 | −3.1% (−19.5, 16.6) | 7.0% (−13.5, 32.3) |
| Current use of fluoride drops or tablets 2 | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | −13.7% (−29.7, 5.9) | −12.2% (−32.0, 13.4) |
1 Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and with mutual adjustment for recent consumption of fluoridated tap water and green/black tea. 2 6–15 year olds.