. 2020 Dec 10;9(12):1833. doi: 10.3390/foods9121833

Table 4.

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) yields produced under optimal conditions: (X₁) ultrasonication 5 min 45 s, (X₂) microbubble 7 min 19 s, and (X₃) reaction time of 5 h 40 min.

Factors	Pectinex Ultra SP-L Activity (U·mL⁻¹)	Fructooligosaccharide Yields (mg·g⁻¹)
Factors	Pectinex Ultra SP-L Activity (U·mL⁻¹)	1-Kestose	Nystose	1^F-β-Fructofurano-sylnystose	Total FOS
Brown sugar using a combination of ultrasonication and microbubble	102.51 ± 4.69	368.02 ± 20.22	110.53 ± 8.81	16.35 ± 1.49	494.89 ± 19.98
White sugar using a combination of ultrasonication and microbubbles	107.93 ± 5.26	415.02 ± 19.54	147.50 ± 9.84	17.49 ± 2.94	580.01 ± 21.35
White sugar using only ultrasonication	90.05 ± 3.54	399.48 ± 21.33	103.83 ± 12.33	10.23 ± 1.66	515.53 ± 20.43