Table 4.
Health service utilization of multimorbidity by age groups (OR, 95%CI).
| Characteristic | Outpatient (Reference: no) | Self-Medicine (Reference: no) | Inpatient (Reference: no) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle | Young-Old | Old-Old | Middle | Young-Old | Old-Old | Middle | Young-Old | Old-Old | |
| Multimorbidity | 3.49 *** | 2.89 *** | 2.88 *** | 9.78 *** | 6.05 *** | 3.96 *** | 4.66 *** | 2.96 *** | 2.50 *** |
| (reference: No) | (2.92 to 4.18) | (2.54 to 3.29) | (2.26 to 3.69) | (8.17 to 11.71) | (5.32 to 6.89) | (3.13 to 5.00) | (3.79 to 5.73) | (2.57 to 3.42) | (1.95 to 3.20) |
| Residence | 0.78 *** | 0.96 | 0.80 | 1.20 * | 1.30 *** | 1.25 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 1.11 |
| (reference: Rural) | (0.67 to 0.90) | (0.83 to 1.10) | (0.59 to 1.08) | (1.06 to 1.36) | (1.16 to 1.47) | (0.98 to 1.61) | (0.80 to 1.17) | (0.77 to 1.07) | (0.83 to 1.49) |
| Gender | 0.90 | 0.94 | 1.01 | 0.93 | 0.80 *** | 0.87 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 1.54 *** |
| (reference: Female) | (0.79 to 1.02) | (0.83 to 1.07) | (0.77 to 1.31) | (0.83 to 1.04) | (0.71 to 0.89) | (0.70 to 1.09) | (0.85 to 1.19) | (0.92 to 1.23) | (1.18 to 2.02) |
| Marital status | 0.92 | 0.80 * | 0.88 | 1.14 | 0.94 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.40 * | 1.10 |
| (reference: Single) | (0.68 to 1.25) | (0.67 to 0.95) | (0.68 to 1.13) | (0.84 to 1.53) | (0.80 to 1.11) | (0.89 to 1.38) | (0.75 to 1.82) | (1.11 to 1.76) | (0.85 to 1.43) |
| Education (reference: No education) | |||||||||
| Primary school | 0.82 | 0.84 * | 0.87 | 1.01 | 1.24 * | 1.16 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.77 |
| (0.66 to 1.03) | (0.72 to 0.98) | (0.65 to 1.16) | (0.80 to 1.27) | (1.07 to 1.42) | (0.90 to 1.48) | (0.78 to 1.47) | (0.81 to 1.16) | (0.58 to 1.04) | |
| Secondary school | 0.67 *** | 0.81 * | 0.84 | 0.99 | 1.41 *** | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.69 |
| (0.54 to 0.82) | (0.68 to 0.96) | (0.56 to 1.27) | (0.80 to 1.23) | (1.20 to 1.64) | (0.71 to 1.39) | (0.74 to 1.36) | (0.77 to 1.16) | (0.46 to 1.04) | |
| High school and above | 0.58 *** | 0.86 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.26 | 0.99 | 0.82 | 0.75 |
| (0.46 to 0.75) | (0.69 to 1.07) | (0.71 to 1.88) | (0.83 to 1.34) | (0.93 to 1.36) | (0.82 to 1.93) | (0.70 to 1.40) | (0.64 to 1.06) | (0.46 to 1.22) | |
| Income (reference: RMB0–10,000) | |||||||||
| RMB10,001–20,000 | 0.94 | 0.73 *** | 0.59 * | 0.87 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 1.05 |
| (0.76 to 1.16) | (0.61 to 0.86) | (0.38 to 0.92) | (0.71 to 1.06) | (0.88 to 1.19) | (0.71 to 1.43) | (0.72 to 1.26) | (0.70 to 1.04) | (0.69 to 1.58) | |
| RMB20,001–40,000 | 0.89 | 0.70 *** | 0.98 | 0.77 * | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 1.15 |
| (0.74 to 1.08) | (0.59 to 0.83) | (0.69 to 1.40) | (0.64 to 0.92) | (0.84 to 1.14) | (0.66 to 1.23) | (0.66 to 1.10) | (0.75 to 1.12) | (0.80 to 1.65) | |
| RMB4000–60,000 | 0.72 * | 0.68 *** | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 1.69 * | 0.71 * | 0.95 | 1.11 |
| (0.58 to 0.89) | (0.55 to 0.84) | (0.47 to 1.09) | (0.73 to 1.07) | (0.79 to 1.13) | (1.19 to 2.38) | (0.53 to 0.95) | (0.75 to 1.20) | (0.74 to 1.67) | |
| RMB60,001–1,000,000 | 0.69 * | 0.77 * | 0.95 | 0.76 * | 1.13 | 1.16 | 0.71 * | 1.05 | 1.12 |
| (0.55 to 0.87) | (0.63 to 0.95) | (0.62 to 1.47) | (0.62 to 0.94) | (0.94 to 1.35) | (0.80 to 1.68) | (0.53 to 0.97) | (0.83 to 1.32) | (0.72 to 1.72) | |
* P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001.