Table 1.

Summary of major studies of TXNIP in the brain or brain-derived cells.

Finding	Reference
TXNIP induced in cerebellar granular neurons by changes in potassium led to cell death	[57]
Glutamate-induced cell death in vivo and in vitro via TXNIP induced expression	[81]
TXNIP expression downregulated in vitro in neuronal cells overexpressing mitochondrial ferritin	[82]
TXNIP induction by Aβ in microglia resulting in activation inhibited by antioxidant resveratrol	[84]
High-fat-diet fed rats had increased expression of TXNIP in astrocytes, retinal endothelial cells, and microglia	[88]
Increased TXNIP expression in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia correlated with cell death, which was reduced by inhibiting TXNIP expression	[156]
Increased TXNIP expression in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia correlated with cell death which was reduced by inhibiting TXNIP expression	[156]
Downregulation of TXNIP in RPE cell line by oxidative stress reduced cell proliferation	[99]
Decreased expression of TXNIP in glioma cells correlated with poor patient outcome	[100]
TXNIP was immunolocalized to neurons and microglia in normal drosophila and rat brain tissue	[108]
Increased neuronal pyroptosis in a rat model of cerebral thrombosis mediated by elevated TXNIP expression and inflammasome activation	[117]
TXNIP overexpression in substantia nigra of mice caused the loss of dopaminergic neurons	[118]
Increased expression of TXNIP mRNA, protein, and numbers of immunopositive cells in AD brain	[26]
Increased TXNIP expression in the brain of an AD mouse model but reduced expression in the spleen	[122]