Table 1.
Comparison of Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients in the ER, LR, and NR Groups
| Variable | ER (n=136, %) | LR (n=122, %) | NR (n=77, %) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.177 | |||
| Male/Female | 77(56.6%)/59(43.4%) | 71(58.2%)/51(41.8%) | 35(45.5%)/42(54.5%) | |
| Age (median, IQR, years) | 61 (52–65) | 61 (52–65) | 59 (51–65) | 0.640 |
| Maximum diameter (median, IQR, cm) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 2.6 (1.9–3.0) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | 0.281 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (median, IQR, mL) | 500.0 (300.0–800.0) | 400.0 (300.0–700.0) | 400.0 (300.0–600.0) | 0.646 |
| TBIL (median, IQR, µmol/L) | 149.6 (64.6–248.5) | 173.8 (49.5–245.9) | 100.6 (40.1–203.6) | 0.052 |
| DBIL (median, IQR, µmol/L) | 130.9 (55.5–208.3) | 148.1 (40.1–214.0) | 89.4 (32.5–178.8) | 0.058 |
| IBIL (median, IQR, µmol/L) | 17.2 (9.0–33.7) | 18.6 (8.7–34.6) | 12.8 (7.3–21.6) | 0.034 |
| ALT (median, IQR, IU/L) | 98.0 (52.5–164.5) | 108.0 (57.0–184.0) | 83.0 (52.0–152.0) | 0.302 |
| AST (median, IQR, IU/L) | 82.0 (55.0–143.5) | 79.5 (49.0–144.0) | 68.0 (49.0–139.0) | 0.695 |
| ALP (median, IQR, IU/L) | 305.0 (199.5–481.5) | 348.0 (245.0–523.0) | 297.0 (183.0–562.0) | 0.481 |
| GGT (median, IQR, IU/L) | 325.0 (129.5–679.5) | 352.5 (153.0–769.0) | 334.0 (161.0–748.0) | 0.808 |
| CA19-9 (median, IQR, U/mL) | 288.6 (88.5–1000.0) | 219.5 (89.2–590.2) | 117.1 (37.5–332.2) | <0.001 |
| CEA (median, IQR, ng/mL) | 3.7 (1.9–6.1) | 3.0 (2.0–5.9) | 2.6 (1.9–3.9) | 0.031 |
| Cholelithiasis | 0.881 | |||
| With/Without | 32(23.5%)/104(76.5%) | 28(30.0%)/94(70.0%) | 20(26.0%)/57(74.0%) | |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 0.300 | |||
| With/Without | 31(22.8%)/105(77.2%) | 20(16.4%)/102(83.6%) | 12(15.6%)/65(84.4%) | |
| Caudate lobe resection | 0.343 | |||
| With/Without | 112(82.4%)/24(17.6%) | 95(77.9%)/27(22.1%) | 57(74.0%)/20(26.0%) | |
| Operation type | 0.921 | |||
| Left hepatectomy | 57(41.9%) | 40(32.8%) | 28(36.4%) | |
| Right hepatectomy | 24(17.6%) | 26(21.3%) | 14(18.2%) | |
| Left trisectionectomy | 7(5.1%) | 4(3.3%) | 3(3.9%) | |
| Right trisectionectomy | 5(3.7%) | 4(3.3%) | 4(5.2%) | |
| Mesohepatectomy | 10(7.4%) | 12(9.8%) | 5(6.5%) | |
| Out-hepatic bile duct resection | 33(24.3%) | 35(28.7%) | 22(28.6%) | |
| Liver transplantation | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.0%) | 1(1.3%) | |
| Vascular invasion | 0.009 | |||
| With/Without | 65(47.8%)/71(52.2%) | 56(45.9%)/66(54.1%) | 21(27.3%)/56(72.7%) | |
| Postoperative complication | 0.364 | |||
| With/Without | 25(18.4%)/111(81.6%) | 23(18.9%)/99(81.1%) | 9(11.7%)/68(88.3%) | |
| Perineural invasion | <0.001 | |||
| With/Without | 132(97.1%)/4(2.9%) | 107(87.7%)/15(12.3%) | 55(71.4%)/22(28.6%) | |
| Positive margin status | 0.008 | |||
| With/Without | 26(19.1%)/110(80.9%) | 17(13.9%)/105(86.1%) | 3(3.9%)/74(96.1%) | |
| Number of harvested LNs (median, IQR) | 2 (0–5) | 3 (0–6) | 3 (1–7) | 0.087 |
| Adjuvant therapy | 0.349 | |||
| With/Without | 7(5.1%)/129(94.9%) | 10(8.2%)/112(91.8%) | 8(10.4%)/69(89.6%) | |
| Bismuth type | 0.907 | |||
| Type I/II | 63(46.3%) | 57(46.7%) | 38(49.4%) | |
| Type III/IV | 73(53.7%) | 65(53.3%) | 39(50.6%) | |
| Pathological differentiation | <0.001 | |||
| Well | 5(3.7%) | 13(10.7%) | 16(20.8%) | |
| Moderate | 93(68.4%) | 92(75.4%) | 51(66.2%) | |
| Poor | 38(27.9%) | 17(13.9%) | 10(13.0%) | |
| T staging (8th edition) | 0.121 | |||
| T1 | 2(1.5%) | 5(4.1%) | 6(7.8%) | |
| T2a | 29(21.3%) | 29(23.8%) | 22(28.6%) | |
| T2b | 40(29.4%) | 32(26.2%) | 26(33.8%) | |
| T3 | 38(27.9%) | 27(22.1%) | 11(14.3%) | |
| T4 | 27(19.9%) | 29(23.8%) | 12(15.6%) | |
| N staging (8th edition) | 0.014 | |||
| N0 | 85(66.9%) | 83(70.3%) | 66(88.0%) | |
| N1 | 36(28.3%) | 29(24.6%) | 8(10.7%) | |
| N2 | 6(4.7%) | 6(5.1%) | 1(1.3%) | |
| M staging (8th edition) | 0.286 | |||
| M0 | 127(93.4%) | 118(96.7%) | 75(97.4%) | |
| M1 | 9(6.6%) | 4(3.3%) | 2(2.6%) | |
| Tumor stage (8th edition) | 0.001 | |||
| I | 0(0.0%) | 5(4.1%) | 7(9.1%) | |
| II | 40(29.4%) | 41(33.6%) | 39(50.6%) | |
| IIIA | 30(22.1%) | 16(13.1%) | 10(13.0%) | |
| IIIB | 15(11.0%) | 21(17.2%) | 10(13.0%) | |
| IIIC | 36(26.5%) | 29(23.8%) | 8(10.4%) | |
| IVA | 6(4.4%) | 6(4.9%) | 1(1.3%) | |
| IVB | 9(6.6%) | 4(3.3%) | 2(2.6%) |
Notes: Variables including age, maximum diameter, intraoperative blood loss, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, CEA, CA19-9, and the number of harvested LNs were calculated by Kruskal–Wallis H-test; the remaining variables were computed using the chi-squared (χ2) test or Fisher’s exact test. Bold indicates significant values. M1 represents lymph node metastasis beyond region in the 8th edition.
Abbreviations: ER, early recurrence; LR, late recurrence; NR, no recurrence; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate amino transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9; LN, lymph node.