Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 8;9(12):879. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9120879

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The coculture model of HaCaT keratinocytes infected with Staphylococcus aureus during incubation for 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h with (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 compared to the uninfected controls. In panel (a), the cellular ATP content of the S. aureus-infected samples showed low viability comparable to the positive control of lysed cells. Treatment with (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2 at 10 µg/mL protected the HaCaT keratinocytes from bacterial damage and showed viability comparable to the DMEM-treated negative control. In panel (b), the release of the toxicity marker LDH was highest in the lysed cells of the positive control, but it was also considerably enhanced after 24 h and 48 h infection with S. aureus. During incubation of the infected keratinocytes with (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2, the release of the cytotoxicity marker LDH was prevented. Panel (c) shows a considerable increase of the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 by infection of HaCaT keratinocytes with S. aureus after 24 h and 48 h. This was prevented by incubation of the infected model with (C10)2-KKKK-NH2 and (C12)2-KKKK-NH2. Similar effects were shown in panel (d) for the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α.