Table 3.
Change in perceived behavioural control by intervention group over 12-month follow-up.
| Group | Lifestyle Factor and TPB Component | Run-In (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) |
Baseline (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) |
3-Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) |
6-Month (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) |
12-Months (Mean ± SE, 95% CI) |
Between-Group Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLB | Perceived difficulty changing PA | 4.05 ± 0.25, 4.09–5.07 |
4.19 ± 0.26, | 4.79 ± 0.24, | 4.63 ± 0.22, | 4.58 ± 0.25, | NS |
| 3.68–4.70 | 4.32–5.26 | 4.19–5.07 | 4.09–5.07 | ||||
| (p = 0.60) | ( p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p = 0.02) | ||||
| GLB+LGx | 4.43 ± 0.24, 3.96–4.89 |
4.78 ± 0.24, | 5.02 ± 0.22, | 5.01 ± 0.21, | 5.15 ± 0.20, | ||
| 4.30–5.36 | 4.58–5.46 | 4.58–5.43 | 4.75–5.55 | ||||
| (p = 0.15) | ( p = 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | ||||
| GLB | Perceived difficulty changing kcal intake | 4.16 ± 0.233 | 4.32 ± 0.22, | 4.81 ± 0.20, | 4.82 ± 0.20, | 4.63 ± 0.21, | NS |
| 3.89–4.76 | 4.42–5.19 | 4.44–5.19 | 4.22–5.03 | ||||
| (p = 0.49) | ( p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p = 0.02) | ||||
| GLB+LGx | 4.32 ± 0.27, 3.78–4.86 |
4.49 ± 0.26, | 4.74 ± 0.24, | 4.73 ± 0.23 | 4.68 ± 0.22, | ||
| 3.96–5.01 | 4.6–5.22 | 4.27–5.18 | 4.24–5.12 | ||||
| (p = 0.53) | (p = 0.07) | (p < 0.05) | (p = 0.03) | ||||
| GLB | Perceived difficulty changing dietary fat intake | 4.35 ± 0.25, 3.86–4.84 |
4.33 ± 0.23, | 4.90 ± 0.20, | 4.89 ± 0.20, | 4.64 ± 0.22, | NS |
| 3.88–4.79 | 4.49–5.30 | 4.49–5.29 | 4.21–5.08 | ||||
| (p = 0.94) | ( p = 0.01) | (p = 0.01) | (p = 0.16) | ||||
| GLB+LGx | 4.44 ± 0.27, 3.90–4.97 |
4.20 ± 0.26, | 4.75 ± 0.23, | 4.86 ± 0.23, | 4.75 ± 0.23, | ||
| 3.68–4.72 | 4.30–4.72 | 4.41–5.32 | 4.28–5.21 | ||||
| (p = 0.37) | (p = 0.16) | (p = 0.04) | (p = 0.08) | ||||
| GLB | Perceived difficulty changing protein intake | 4.60 ± 0.24, 4.13–5.07 |
4.78 ± 0.22, | 5.12 ± 0.20, | 5.04 ± 0.20, | 4.96 ± 0.21, | NS |
| 4.34–5.21 | 4.72–5.51 | 4.64–5.43 | 4.55–5.37 | ||||
| (p = 0.45) | ( p = 0.02) | (p = 0.04) | (p = 0.07) | ||||
| GLB+LGx | 4.94 ± 0.25, 4.44–5.43 |
4.86 ± 0.22, | 5.14 ± 0.20, | 5.23 ± 0.20, | 5.05 ± 0.21, | ||
| 4.42–5.31 | 7.75–5.53 | 4.84–5.62 | 4.64–5.47 | ||||
| (p = 0.77) | (p = 0.37) | (p = 0.16) | (p = 0.53) | ||||
| GLB | Perceived difficulty managing weight | 3.75 ± 0.24, 3.29–4.22 |
4.04 ± 0,23, | 4.38 ± 0.23, | 4.44 ± 0.22, | 4.39 ± 0.22, | NS |
| 3.59–4.49 | 3.92–4.83 | 3.98–4.89 | 3.95–4.83 | ||||
| (p = 0.157) | ( p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | (p < 0.01) | ||||
| GLB+LGx | 4.10 ± 0.26, 3.59–4.60 |
4.12 ± 0.24, | 4.71 ± 0.22, | 4.53 ± 0.24, | 4.65 ± 0.22, | ||
| 3.65–4.59 | 4.27–5.14 | 4.06–5.00 | 4.22–5.08 | ||||
| (p = 0.925) | ( p < 0.01) | (p = 0.04) | (p < 0.01) |
Perceived behavioural control was measured on a Likert scale of 1 (extremely difficult) through 7 (extremely easy); 4 was considered neutral. Bolded values are significantly different from run-in (pre-intervention), within groups. GLB (n = 70 with mean value imputation); GLB+LGx (n = 70 with mean value imputation). TPB: Theory of Planned Behaviour; NS: non-significant; PA: physical activity; kcal: calories; GLB: Group Lifestyle Balance™; LGx: lifestyle genomics.