Table 2.

Classification of self-healing mechanisms

Type of Self-Healing Mechanism
Intrinsic		Extrinsic
Physical (Non-Covalent)	Chemical (Covalent)
Electrostatic interactions [66,67]	Acylhydrazone bonds [68,69]	Microcapsule [70,71]
Host–guest interactions [72,73,74]	Boronate-diol complexation [75,76]
Hydrogen bond [77,78,79]	Diels–Alder click chemistry [80,81,82]
Hydrophobic interactions [83,84]	Disulfide bonds [85,86]
π–π stacking [87,88]	Imine bonds (Schiff base) [89,90]