Table 1.

Summary of the main outcomes obtained and the type of stimuli used in different clinical studies that have been revised in the current review.

Authors	Design	N	Type of Amblyopia	Enviroment	Stimulus	Population	Main Outcome
Jia et al., 2018 [50]	NRSI	19	Aniso	Perceptual learning	Gabor’s patch	Young adult	AUCSF improved from 8.41 ± 1.09 to 15.48 ± 1.61 VA increased about 2 lines
Liu et al., 2018 [51]	NRSI	13	9 aniso, 1 strab, 3 mixed	DT	Gabor’s patch	Young adults	Stereopsis improved 26.5% ± 6.9%
Avram et al., 2013 [48]	Case series	5	Aniso	PL	Letter optotypes	Children	Significant improvement of VA and CS after training
Chen et al., 2016 [52]	NRSI	13	Aniso	PL	Gabor’s patch	Teenagers and young adults	VA increased 1.64 ± 0.06 lines CSF improved significantly
Gambacorta et al., 2018 [9]	NRSI	29	Aniso	PL and DT	Gabor’s patch	Teenagers	VA improved 0.1 ± 0.03 LogMAR after 10 h of training
Zhang et al., 2013 [49]	Retrospective	341	Aniso, strab, ametropic and mixed	PL	Gabor’s patch Letter optotype	Children	Improvement in VA with PL was similar to with patching
Levi et al., 1997 [53]	NRSI	11	4 aniso, 4 strab, 3 mixed	PL	Vernier’s stimulus	Adults	Improvement in Vernier acuity
Portela-Camino et al., 2018 [16]	RCT	32	2 aniso, 18 strab, 10 mixed, 2 isoametropic	PL	RDS	Children	Stereopsis increased about 50% with RPST and 46.42% with Wirt circles
Martín-González et al., 2020 [54]	NRSI	16	2 aniso, 8 strab, 4 mix, 2 isoametropic	PL	RDS	Children	Stereopsis experienced a significant improvement

VA: visual acuity; NRSI, non-randomized studies of intervention; AUCSF: area under the contrast sensitivity function curve; DT: dichoptic training; PL: perceptual learning; CS: contrast sensitivity; CSF: contrast sensitivity function; RCT: randomized clinical trial; RDS: random-dot stereogram; RPST: Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test: N: number of eyes; LogMAR: logarithmic minimum angle of resolution.