Figure 5.

Representative scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy images showing an antibacterial activity of tested compounds (bismuth subsalicylate (BIS), 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP), sertraline (SER), and amoxicillin (AMX)) released from BC carriers after 4-h exposure against 3 day-old, lawn biofilm H. pylori cells. The small spherical structures (50–300 nm) are outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by bacteria. Green dye (SYTO 9) indicates live cells, while red (propidium iodide) indicates dead cells. The graph shows the ratio of mean green/red fluorescence of lawn biofilm H. pylori cells treated for 4 h with the tested substances. Columns with the same subscript letters (a, b, c) are not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05), counted separately for each strain. The presented results are the average of three independent biological tests (n = 3). Scale bar for SEM and fluorescence microscopy is 2 μm and 20 μm, respectively.