Table 1.

Origin of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their markers.

Cell Type	Selected Markers/Factors Mentioned in the References	Reference
Pancreatic stellate cells	Desmin, GFAP, acetylcholine receptors	[20]
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (Gastric cancer)	IL-6, Wnt5a, BMP4	[32]
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (Breast cancer)	CCL5/RANTES	[33]
Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (Pancreatic cancer)	GM-CSF, CD44+/CD73+/CD90+/CD49α+	[34]
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (obese donors) (ovarian cancer)	ACTA2, VEGF, FAP, S100A4 (FSP), CSPG4 (NG2)	[35]