Table 3.
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes and CAF-subtype-defined markers.
| CAF Subtypes | Markers and Factors Expressed in CAF Subtype | Reference | Additional Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) | Acta2, Vim, Ctgf, Col1a1, Col5a1, Col6a1 | [36] | |
| Myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) | Tnc, Tgfb1, Thy1, Tagln, Col12a1, Pdgfrb | [61] | |
| Inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) | Il1, Il6, Il11, Lif | [36] | |
| Inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) | Clec3b, Col14a1, Gsn, Ly6c1, Cxcl12 | [61] | |
| CAF subtype A | Periostin/OSF-2 | [23] | Shorter overall survival |
| CAF subtype B | Myosin-11 | [23] | Myogenic properties |
| CAF subtype C | PDPN | [23] | Prolonged overall survival |
| CAF subtype FB1 | Cxcl14, Ptn, Igf1, Igfbp4, Igfbp7, Il6, Ccl2, Ccl7, Cxcl12, Pdgfra | [62] | Overlap with iCAFs |
| CAF subtype FB2 | Ly6a, Ly6c1, Nov, Pi16 | [62] | |
| CAF subtype FB3 | Lrrn4, Gpm6a, Nkain4, Lgals7, Msln, Cav1, Cdh11, Gas6 | [62] | Overlap with myCAFs |
| Antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs) | Slpi, Saa3, Cd74, H2-Ab1, NKain4, Irf5 | [61] | |
| LRRC15-positive CAFs | LRRC15 | [63] | Poor response to anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy |
| Prrx1-positive CAFs | Prrx1 | [64] | Involved in CAF plasticity |