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. 2020 Dec 14;21(24):9514. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249514

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Epigenetic regulation of hippocampal microglia. As resident immune cells of the brain, microglia release pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines depending on their polarization. HDAC inhibition and RNA targeting influence this release of cytokines. HDACs 1 and 2 in microglia regulate their involvement in homeostasis, development and neurodegeneration. miR-146a, miR-301b and miR-155 in microglia are involved in regulating memory and cognition and in hippocampal development. (HDAC: histone deacetylase; MYD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; POCD: postoperative cognitive dysfunction; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4).