Table 6.
Influence of garlic and/or ascorbic acid on biochemical parameters of juvenile barramundi (Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch) fish.
| Parameters | Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |
| Glucose | 13.1 ± 0.8 | 12.5 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.6 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
| Globulin (g/L) | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.3 |
| A/G ratio | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 210.3 ± 7.3 a | 190.2 ± 5.2 b | 206.1 ± 5.1 a | 204.2 ± 5.3 a |
| ALT (U/L) | 12.5 ± 0.5 | 11.9 ± 0.5 | 12.1 ± 0.5 | 12.5 ± 0.5 |
| AST (U/L) | 29.2 ± 1.0 | 31.1 ± 1.4 | 0.3 ± 1.5 | 31.4 ± 1.6 |
| ALP (U/L) | 18.0 ± 2.6 | 22.5 ± 2.0 | 21.4 ± 2.5 | 18.5 ± 2.4 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.05 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 11.9 ± 1.2 | 11.7 ± 1.0 | 12.6 ± 1.1 | 12.5 ± 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 10.8 ± 2.0 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.4 | 10.0 ± 1.5 |
| Magnesium (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| Chloride (mEq/L) | 163.6 ± 2.2 | 163.7 ± 2.0 | 165.8 ± 2.3 | 160.1 ± 2.5 |
Values are mean ± standard error (SE) of three replicates of fish (n = 3). a,b values with different superscripts in the same row significantly differed at p < 0.05. Group 1: basal diet without any additives; group 2: basal diet mixed with garlic (40 g/kg diet); group 3: basal diet mixed with ascorbic acid (1.5 g/kg diet); group 4: basal diet mixed with a combination of both garlic (20 g/kg diet) and ascorbic acid (0.75 g/kg diet). A/G ratio: albumin/globulin ratio; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.