Table 6.

Summary estimates for adjusted relative risks (aRR, adjusted relative risk by Cox proportional hazard model) of all-cause mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Authors	Study, n	Fixed Effects aRR (95% CI)	Random Effects aRR (95% CI)	Ri	p-Value (by Q-Test)
All studies	5	5.24 (4.31; 6.38)	2.80 (0.96, 8.13)	0.97	0.00001
Studies (China)	3	1.62 (1.13; 2.32)	1.66 (0.56; 4.91)	0.89	0.00001
Studies (others from China)	2	8.67 (6.86; 10.96)	6.27 (2.43; 16.19)	0.93	0.0127

Chan L. et al. [28]: aRR adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities including hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, laboratory values including white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, hemoglobin, platelets, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminostransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and vitals (including systolic blood pressure, diastolic BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation). Cheng Y. et al. [37]: aRR adjusted for age, gender, disease severity, any comorbidity (CKD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, diabetes, and tumor), and lymphocyte count. Wang L. et al. [41]: aRR adjusted for age, acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiac insufficiency, bacterial infection). Lim J. et al. [47]: aRR adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes. Zhao M. et al. [48]: aRR adjusted for age, shock, acute cardiac injury, acute liver injury, and number of complications (1, 2 or more).