Table 2.
Associations between lifestyle factors and different measurements of vitamin E activity.
| Lifestyle Factors | α -TOH | Total TLHQ | Total CEHC | Ratio TLHQ/CEHC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = | % Change | 95% CI | % Change | 95% CI | % Change | 95% CI | % Change | 95% CI | |
| Smoking | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nonsmokers | 216 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Former smokers | 255 | −1 | −4 to 2 | 4 | −6 to 15 | 2 | −10 to 15 | 2 | −7 to 12 |
| Current smokers | 59 | −4 | −8 to 0 | −11 | −24 to 5 | −32 | −44 to −18 | 32 | 14 to 53 |
| DHDI | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25.4–61.5 | 132 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 61.9–72.5 | 133 | −2 | −3 to 4 | 0 | −13 to 15 | 6 | −10 to 25 | −7 | −18 to 4 |
| 72.5–81.5 | 133 | 1 | −2 to 5 | 13 | −2 to 29 | 6 | −10 to 25 | 5 | −7 to 18 |
| 81.6–117.8 | 132 | 3 | −1 to 7 | 12 | −3 to 29 | 10 | −7 to 31 | −1 | −13 to 12 |
| Sleep Quality | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Good Quality | 288 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Poor Quality | 205 | 3 | 1 to 6 | 0 | −10 to 10 | -0 | −12 to 13 | 1 | −9 to 9 |
| PA in MET-h/wk | |||||||||
| 0.0–16.3 | 129 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 16.5–29.8 | 130 | 1 | −2 to 5 | −7 | −18 to 7 | 11 | −5 to 31 | −17 | −26 to −6 |
| 30.0–49.5 | 132 | −1 | −4 to 3 | −11 | −22 to 2 | 0 | −14 to 18 | −12 | −22 to −1 |
| 49.8–242.5 | 130 | −2 | −6 to 1 | −5 | −17 to 14 | 4 | −11 to 23 | −9 | −19 to 3 |
| Alcohol use in g/day | |||||||||
| 0–2.49 | 132 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2.5–9.2 | 133 | −2 | −5 to 2 | −8 | −19 to 6 | −1 | −16 to 16 | −8 | −18 to 4 |
| 9.2–21.5 | 133 | −0 | −3 to 4 | −9 | −21 to 4 | 2 | −14 to 20 | −12 | −22 to 0 |
| 21.5–171.6 | 132 | 3 | −1 to 7 | −17 | −28 to 4 | −4 | −20 to 14 | −13 | −24 to −1 |
Results are derived from linear regression model adjusted for age, sex and BMI with 95% confidence interval (CI) and presented as percentage difference compared with the reference group. Analysis on smoking were additionally adjusted for alcohol use. Analysis on diet quality, sleep quality and alcohol use were additionally adjusted for smoking. Analysis on PA was additionally adjusted for smoking and alcohol. DHDI, Dutch Healthy Diet Index; PA, physical activity; TOH, tocopherol; TLHQ, tocopheronolactone hydroquinone; CEHC, carboxymethyl-hydroxychroman.