Table 3.

Associations between cotinine and different measurements of vitamin E activity.

Cotinine Metabolite		α -TOH		Total TLHQ		Total CEHC		Ratio TLHQ/CEHC
	N =	% Change	95% CI	% Change	95% CI	% Change	95% CI	% Change	95% CI
Cotinine	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Absent	412	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Present	118	2	−2 to 5	−11	−21 to −1	−20	−30 to −8	11	0 to 23
Cotinine levels	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Absent	412	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Low	59	5	0 to 10	−6	−19 to 10	−11	−26 to 7	6	−7 to 21
High	59	−2	−6 to 3	−16	−29 to −3	−28	−40 to −14	16	1 to 33

Results are derived from linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI or total body fat and alcohol use with 95% confidence interval (CI) and presented as percentage difference compared with the reference group. Of the group with cotinine levels present, the 50% with the lowest levels is considered the low group, whereas the highest 50% is in the high group. α-TOH, α-tocopherol; TLHQ, tocopheronolactone hydroquinone; CEHC, carboxymethyl-hydroxychroman