Table 1.

Volatile organic components (VOCs) identified in different types of black and white truffles and their relative percentages of area according to literature.

No	Compound Name and Class	Odor Description	Content [%]										References
			Black Truffles							White Truffles
			T. mel	T. aest	T. ind	T. mac	T. mes	T. ruf	T. bru	T. mag	T. exc	T. bor
1	Sulfur compounds Dimethyl sulfide	Rotten, cabbage	0.52, 57.0	1.04, 0.26	8.3					2.95, 4.44			[31,42,52,53,71]
2	bis(Methylthio)methane (=2,4-Dithiapentane)	sulfuric, garlic								67.33, 83.71, 67.8			[52,65,71]
3	Methyl (methylthio)methyl disulfide									0.05, 0.06			[52,71]
4	Dimethyl disulfide	Cabbage, onion	0.04, 0.17	0.06						0.15			[31,53,71]
5	Dimethyl trisulfide	Rotten food	0.07, 0.01	0.18						0.02			[31,53,71]
6	Sulfinylbismethane		0.04	0.05									[31]
7	Methanethiol	Cabbage, vegetal	0.17							0.010			[53,71]
8	tris(Methylthio)methane									0.29			[71]
9	3-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiophene	Onion, savory, roast, truffle, garlic, butter										4.87	[48]
10	2-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiophene	Aged cheese, rubber										0.34	[48]
11	DMTS = (methyltrisulfanyl)methane	Truffle, onion, garlic										0.04	[48]
12	Methional	Boiled potatoes	0.12										[53]
13	Dimethylsulphoxide	Cheesy, garlic, mushroom	0.33										[53]
14	(E)-1-Methylsulfanylprop-1-ene	Acrid strong garlic-like		0.2		27.0	0.3				29.6		[65]
15	1-Methylsulfanylpropane	Alliaceous creamy leek		0.1		22.1					0.4		[65]
16	Methylsulfanylmethane		11.7	18.9	4.3	1.3	1.2	8.2	4.5	14.6	4.9		[65]
17	(Z)-1-Methylsulfanylprop-1-ene	Acrid strong garlic-like				8.0	0.2				6.7		[65]
18	(Methyldisulfanyl)methane		0.2			0.2			0.1	2.8	0.1		[65]
19	4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone		0.06										[31]
20	Alcohols 1-Octen-3-ol	Mushroom, earthy	4.04, 0.01,2.0	35.2, 1.8, 0.9	37.1, 0.2	4.7	9.6	3.1	11.2	0.09	2.4	2.51	[31,42,48,52,53,65]
21	2,6-Dimethyl-2-octanol									0.26			[52]
22	Z-5-Octen-1-ol				2.8								[42]
23	3-Octanol	Earthy, mushroom, herbal	0.05	4.03, 0.11	2.1								[31,42,52]
24	1-Octanol	Waxy, green, citrus		0.41									[52]
25	2-Butanol		0.03	0.23, 6.3				0.3	0.1				[31,65]
26	6-Dodecanol		1.48										[31]
27	Octa-1,5-dien-3-ol		0.19	0.32									[31]
28	1-Hexanol	Alcoholic, pungent, green	0.07	0.51									[31]
29	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol		0.02	1.30									[31]
30	Ethanol									0.06			[71]
31	Isobutyl alcohol									0.22			[71]
32	2-Methylbutan-1-ol	Malty	4.94	4.7, 1.4, 3.7		0.6		3.2	0.4	3.70			[31,52,65,71]
33	3-Methyl-1-butanol (Isoamyl alcohol)	Winey, onion, cheese	41.9		13.9, 6.5			5.4		0.2	1.8	0.29	[42,48,53,65]
34	2-Methyl-1-propanol	Winey	0.31	0.59									[31]
35	2,5-Dimethyl-3,4-hexanediol				0.7								[42]
36	Acids Nonanoic acid			0.05									[52]
37	Acetic acid			3.17									[31]
38	2-Propenoic acid			1.99									[31]
39	2-Methylhexanoic acid		0.08	0.09									[31]
40	Esters Ethyl acetate		0.04	0.47									[31]
41	Ethyl-3-methylbutanoate	Fruity, anise	0.09	0.21									[31,35]
42	Butyl-2-methylbutanoate		0.04										[31]
43	2-Methylpropyl 2-methylbutanoate		0.29										[31]
44	2-Methylpropyl-3-methylbutanoate		0.03										[31]
45	3-Methylbutyl-2-methylpropanoate		0.27										[31]
46	2-Methylbutyl-2-methylbutanoate		2.49										[31]
47	Pentyl-3-methylbutanoate		0.29										[31]
48	sec-Butylformate				1.80								[42]
49	Ethyl 3-methylbutyrate	Fruit, anise	0.03										[35,42,53]
50	Butan-2-yl formate		15.70		11.40	0.20		2.20	7.00				[65]
51	2-Methylpropyl formate		1.00					1.40	0.90				[65]
52	Aldehydes 2-Octenal	Green, citrus, fatty	1.87	0.27, 8.27						0.13, 0.05			[31,35,52,71]
53	Acetaldehyde		0.07	0.28						0.12			[31,71]
54	Nonanal	Waxy, aldehydic, fatty	0.12	1.16						0.07, 0.03			[31,35,52,71]
55	Propanal	Vegetable, green	0.24							0.89			[31,71]
56	2-Methyl-butanal	Cocoa, almond-like	19.13, 8.4	0.64, 0.1	2.0			0.4	0.8	0.57, 0.1			[31,42,65,71]
57	3-Methyl-butanal	Green, nutty, cocoa	38.31, 6.5	7.56, 1.2	3.2, 2.8			1.6	0.6	2.15, 1.5	0.8	0.37	[31,42,48,65,71]
58	2-Butenal	Green, vegetable	3.45	7.90									[31,35]
59	Hexanal	Leafy, fruity, sweaty	5.93	17.63						0.074			[31,35,71]
60	2-Methyl-2-butenal	Fruity, almond, nutty	1.22	1.35									[31,35]
61	Heptanal		0.16	5.36						0.05			[31,71]
62	Octanal	Waxy, orange, peel		0.86	0.70					0.03			[31,42,71]
63	2-Heptenal	Fresh, fatty, green	0.35	2.16									[31,35]
64	Decanal			1.15						0.06			[31,71]
65	2,4-Nonadienal		0.11	0.24									[31]
66	Dodecanal			1.71									[31]
67	2,4-Decadienal		0.14										[31]
68	Ketones 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone	Butter, cheese, caramel								7.58		0.001	[48,52]
69	2-Octanone	Earthy, herbal								0.07			[35,52]
70	2-Nonanone									0.37, 0.01			[52,71]
71	2-Decanone									0.32			[52]
72	Undecanone		0.05	0.18, 0.62						0.77			[52]
73	2-Butanone		1.35, 1.3	2.2, 38.2, 53.3	1.6, 0.3	0.2	0.3	0.8	0.6	0.56	0.4		[42,52,65,71]
74	3-Octanone	Herbal, lavender, mushroom	0.20, 4.2	1.7, 0.38, 2.6	4.6, 0.2	7.3	4.2	5.3	8.8	0.05, 0.3	2.0	8.29	[31,42,48,52,65,71]
75	2-Propanone		0.09	0.57									[31]
76	3-Penten-2-one		0.44										[31]
77	5-Methyl-2-heptanone		0.21										[31]
78	2,3-Octanedione		0.06	0.06									[31]
79	3-Hydroxy-2-butanone		0.06										[31]
80	3-Octen-2-one		0.37							0.015			[31,71]
81	1-Octen-3-one	Mushroom, earthy, musty	0.03		0.70								[35,42,53]
82	Aromatic compounds Benzeneacetaldehyde	Honey, sweet, floral	0.27	0.19, 1.85	1.10					0.11, 0.18			[31,35,42,52,71]
83	1-Methoxy-3-methylbenzene	Narcissus	2.29, 4.2	3.7	44.50	10.60	69.5	17.4	28.3	9.05, 0.3	37.9		[31,52,65]
84	Bis(2-Methylpropyl) ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid			1.887						0.81			[52]
85	Dibutyl phthalate			0.29						0.25			[52]
86	Ethylbenzene			0.66									[52]
87	1,4-Dimethylbenzene			7.19, 0.23									[31,52]
88	1-Ethyl-2-methyl-benzene			0.24									[52]
89	Phenylethyl alcohol	Floral, yeast, rose	0.19	0.70, 3.82								0.002	[31,48,52]
90	2,4-Dimethylphenol			0.93									[52]
91	1-Methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)benzene			0.68									[52]
92	Acetophenone			1.07									[52]
93	Ethylbenzene			0.33									[31]
94	1,3-Dimethylbenzene			0.11									[31]
95	1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene		0.07	0.20									[31]
96	Methoxybenzene		0.83										[31]
97	2-(1-Methylethyl)phenol		0.19										[31]
98	Benzaldehyde	Sweet, bitter, almond	1.44	6.94						0.06			[31,35,71]
99	4-Hydroxycroman		0.38										[31]
100	1,2-Dimethoxybenzene		2.66										[31]
101	1,3-Dimethoxybenzene		0.15										[31]
102	Naphtalene		0.04	0.71									[31]
103	2,5-Dimethoxytoluene		0.17										[31]
104	3,4-Dimethoxytoluene		0.12										[31]
105	1-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene		0.04										[31]
106	2-Methoxy-4-ethyl-6-methylphenol		0.03										[31]
107	2,6-Bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol		0.59	3.74									[31]
108	p-Cresol	Phenolic/leather	0.03, 0.02										[31,35,53]
109	α-Ethylidene-phenylacetaldehyde		0.18	0.60									[31]
110	Phenol			1.37									[31]
111	1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene		0.16										[31]
112	1-Methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)benzene		0.07										[31]
113	p-Methyl anisole									0.15			[71]
114	m-Anisole		7.1		0.8, 1.4	0.80		0.20	3.40		0.70		[42,65]
115	3-Ethyl-5-methylphenol	Leather	0.02										[35,42,53]
116	1,4-Dimethoxybenzene	Sweet green hay newly mown hay	0.10	0.10		2.70	0.90	0.70	12.10	0.10	2.80		[65]
117	1,4-Dimethoxy-2-methylbenzene		0.10		1.20	1.60	7.80	0.10	1.40		0.10		[65]
118	Furans and Furanones 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran									0.57, 0.27			[52,71]
119	2-Pentylfuran	Fruity, green, earthy	0.07	0.35						0.05			[31,35,71]
120	2,3-Dihydro-4-methylfuran		0.08										[31]
121	2-Furancarboxaldehyde			0.18									[31]
122	3-Butyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone									0.14			[52]
123	2(3H)-Dihydrofuranone		0.25	4.49									[31]
124	Alkanes and Alkenes Decane									0.21			[52]
125	Dodecane									0.08			[52]
126	2-Methylbutane				3.30								[42]
127	Octylcyclopropane				2.20								[42]
128	Undec-1-ene			0.10		0.40			2.90	1.80	1.80		[65]
129	Terpenes Camphor									0.07			[52]
130	Limonene	Citrus, orange, fresh, sweet								0.16			[35,71]
131	p-Cymene									0.008			[71]
132	2-Methylisoborneol	Mould, earth	0.02										[35,53]
133	Others 3-Methyl-1H-pirazol		0.07										[31]
134	3-Ethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole		0.13										[31]
135	2-Methylbutanenitrile					0.10		21.90					[65]
136	2-Nitropentane							3.90					[65]
137	2-Bromo-2-methylbutane							2.30					[65]

T. mel (T. melanosporum); T. aest (T. aestivum); T. ind (T. indicum); T. mac (T. macrosporum); T. mes (T. mesentricum); T. ruf (T. rufum); T. bru (T. brumale); T. mag (T. magnatum), T. exc (T. excavatum); T. bor (T. borchii).